{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T07:16:20Z","timestamp":1787987780290,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa-UNSA","award":["0160-2016-UNSA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0160-2016-UNSA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is a versatile biological model widely used in drug discovery and studying cellular stress responses. However, its application for cytotoxicity evaluation of natural products, particularly algal-derived compounds, remains underutilized. In this study, we developed a high-throughput developmental assay in D. discoideum to analyze the cytotoxicity of acetone and methanol extracts from the Peruvian seaweed Glossophora kunthii. Our results showed that the acetone extract caused a transient delay in the social development of the amoeba. In contrast, the methanol extract exhibited no significant effects, even at high extract concentrations. UHPLC\/Orbitrap\/ESI\/MS\/MS analysis tentatively identified ten major compounds, including pachydictyol A and dictyotriol A diacetate. The presence of diterpenes, such as dictyotadiol and pachydictyol A, previously reported to exhibit moderate cytotoxic activity, likely explains the developmental delay observed with the acetone extract. This study highlights the utility of D. discoideum as a scalable cytotoxicity screening platform within algal pharmacognosy, facilitating the early identification of non-toxic marine natural products suitable for further biomedical and biotechnological development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md23110442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T12:33:04Z","timestamp":1763469184000},"page":"442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dictyostelium discoideum as a Platform to Assess the Cytotoxicity of Marine Algal Extracts: The Case of Glossophora kunthii"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6547-5830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheyla","family":"Figueroa-Valencia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile"},{"name":"Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agust\u00edn de Arequipa, Avenida Independencia s\/n, Arequipa 04001, Peru"},{"name":"Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Centre ALGATECH, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novohradsk\u00e1 237\u2014Opatovick\u00fd ml\u00fdn, 379 01 T\u0159ebo\u0148, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5158-0450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile"},{"name":"Systems Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7134-8229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grover","family":"Casta\u00f1eta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Qu\u00edmicas (IIQ), Universidad Mayor de San Andr\u00e9s (UMSA), Av. Villaz\u00f3n N\u00b0 1995, La Paz 0201-0220, Bolivia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6648-9852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Metropolitana (UTEM), Santiago 8320000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Ardiles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tom\u00e1s, Avenida Iquique 3991, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1549-4333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Figueroa-Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agust\u00edn de Arequipa, Avenida Independencia s\/n, Arequipa 04001, Peru"},{"name":"Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Centre ALGATECH, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novohradsk\u00e1 237\u2014Opatovick\u00fd ml\u00fdn, 379 01 T\u0159ebo\u0148, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Brani\u0161ovsk\u00e1 1760, 370 05 \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0728-4849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Terrones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agust\u00edn de Arequipa, Avenida Independencia s\/n, Arequipa 04001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6838-208X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systems Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5246-1368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Areche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"104","article-title":"Techniques for evaluation of medicinal plant products as antimicrobial agent: Current methods and future trends","volume":"4","author":"Das","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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