{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:01:10Z","timestamp":1792080070974,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key R&D Program (Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project) of Shandong Province, China","award":["2022CXGC020413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CXGC020413"]}]},{"name":"Taishan Industrial Experts Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["42276097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42276097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["42406119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42406119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014761","name":"Qingdao Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25-1-1-186-zyyd-jch"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-1-1-186-zyyd-jch"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System","award":["CARS-49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-49"]}]},{"name":"Central guidance for local scientific and technological development funds","award":["2024ZY0039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZY0039"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic metabolic diseases, and inhibition of \u03b1-glucosidase activity represents an effective therapeutic strategy. Chitin is the most abundant renewable polysaccharide in the ocean, with its monosaccharide being N-acetylglucosamine (NAG). To evaluate the potential of NAG glycosides as novel \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitors, three common phenolic compounds were modified via NAG glycosylation. Their inhibitory activities were assessed at both the enzymatic and cellular levels. In addition, density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and molecular docking analyses were employed to systematically investigate the effects of NAG glycosylation on enzyme inhibition and the underlying mechanisms. Compared with the parent phenolic compounds, NAG glycosides exhibited significantly enhanced \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with NAG introduction markedly improving their binding affinity to \u03b1-glucosidase. Among them, glycoside 3a displayed the optimal inhibitory effect, comparable to acarbose, and at the cellular level, its activity at high concentrations was comparable to or slightly higher than that of metformin. Circular dichroism (CD) and MD analyses indicated that glycoside 3a increased the conformational flexibility of key residues and enhanced the structural looseness of the enzyme, thereby inhibiting its activity. NAG glycosides constitute a promising class of marine-derived \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitors, warranting further structural optimization and rational design to enhance their activity and selectivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md24020084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T09:55:31Z","timestamp":1771494931000},"page":"84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Computational Studies of Phenolic N-Acetylglucosamine Glycosides as \u03b1-Glucosidase Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guantian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongji","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Medicine Innovation Institute, Linyi University, Linyi 276012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8862-9943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kecheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3213-6212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huahua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronge","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2023.115795","article-title":"Identification of 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl-containing beta-carboline derivatives as novel alpha-glucosidase inhibitors with antidiabetic activity","volume":"261","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. 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