{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:28:09Z","timestamp":1785414489183,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W2412100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W2412100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42276137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42276137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82404506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82404506"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["W2412100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W2412100"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["42276137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42276137"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["82404506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82404506"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFA1506403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFA1506403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, Marine Natural Products (MNPs) have emerged as a significant source for anticancer drug discovery, as many natural products can offer structural diversity, unique mechanisms of action, and relatively low toxicity. This article provides a systematic review of MNPs with reported anticancer activities from 2020 to 2024. These compounds are classified into seven major categories: terpenoids, alkaloids, sterols, polyketides, peptides and proteins, polysaccharides, and macrolides. For each category, we elaborate on the marine sources, structural identification, in vitro anticancer activity, and preliminary structure\u2013activity relationships. We found that sponges and marine-derived fungi are the most abundant sources of highly active compounds. Furthermore, knowledge graph-based analysis reveals that oxygen- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles constitute the core pharmacophores, and target prediction further indicates that MNPs exert anticancer effects through coordinated modulation of a multi-target network involving kinases, proteasomes, and nuclear receptors. This review contributes significantly to a deeper understanding of recent advances (2020\u20132024) in MNPs and provides critical guidance for promoting the development of innovative anticancer drugs derived from marine resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md24050173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T12:05:22Z","timestamp":1778501122000},"page":"173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Marine Natural Products as Potent Anticancer Agents (2020\u20132024): Structural Diversity, SARs and Target Prediction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Zimeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Science & Jianxing Honors College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijing","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Science & Jianxing Honors College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3963-3857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junzhe","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Science & Jianxing Honors College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leyi","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Science & Jianxing Honors College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang-Egypt Joint Laboratory on Intelligent Discovery of Marine Drugs, Hangzhou 310014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Science & Jianxing Honors College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Science & Jianxing Honors College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0058-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Science & Jianxing Honors College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang-Egypt Joint Laboratory on Intelligent Discovery of Marine Drugs, Hangzhou 310014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4176-2071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhikun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Science & Jianxing Honors College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang-Egypt Joint Laboratory on Intelligent Discovery of Marine Drugs, Hangzhou 310014, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing Technology for Chemical Drugs, Hangzhou 310014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Servillera, M., Pe\u00f1a, M., Cabeza, L., Pula, H.J., Prados, J., and Melguizo, C. (2025). Nudibranchs as Sources of Marine Natural Products with Antitumor Activity: A Comprehensive Review. Mar. Drugs, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/md23080319"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112506","article-title":"The importance of indole and azaindole scaffold in the development of antitumor agents","volume":"203","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscia.2025.100077","article-title":"Study on the CHJ01 Antitumor Activity and Mechanism via Targeting Sphingosine Kinase 1 in A549 Cells","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharm. Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NP00083K","article-title":"Marine natural products","volume":"40","author":"Carroll","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rayan, A., Raiyn, J., and Falah, M. (2017). Nature is the best source of anticancer drugs: Indexing Natural Products for Their Anticancer Bioactivity. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187925"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3260","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2018.1470514","article-title":"Marine natural flavonoids: Chemistry and biological activities","volume":"33","author":"Martins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscia.2024.100050","article-title":"Natural Product Databases for Drug Discovery: Features and Applications","volume":"2","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharm. Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2021.107871","article-title":"Marine drugs: Biology, pipelines, current and future prospects for production","volume":"54","author":"Papon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.2533\/chimia.2017.646","article-title":"Drugs from the oceans: Marine natural products as leads for drug discovery","volume":"71","author":"Altmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chimia"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112957","article-title":"Chemistry, biosynthesis and biological activity of terpenoids and meroterpenoids in bacteria and fungi isolated from different marine habitats","volume":"210","author":"Gozari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.3390\/md12021066","article-title":"Marketed marine natural products in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries: Tips for success","volume":"12","author":"Martins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haque, N., Parveen, S., Tang, T., Wei, J., and Huang, Z. (2022). Marine Natural Products in Clinical Use. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20080528"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-82-5-684","article-title":"Drugs five years later: Cytarabine","volume":"82","author":"Kremer","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(80)90063-7","article-title":"Vidarabine (vira-a\u00ae): Pharmacology and clinical experience","volume":"8","author":"Buchanan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1933","article-title":"Nelarabine","volume":"5","author":"Gandhi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1351\/pac198658050701","article-title":"Halichondrins-antitumor polyether macrolides from a marine sponge","volume":"58","author":"Hirata","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2016.1204295","article-title":"Trabectedin for the treatment of soft tissue Sarcomas","volume":"17","author":"Marrari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2020-1212","article-title":"Lurbinectedin in the treatment of relapsed small cell lung cancer","volume":"17","author":"Baena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscia.2024.100048","article-title":"Targeted Drug Conjugates in Cancer Therapy: Challenges and Opportunities","volume":"2","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharm. Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, I., Asgher, M., Sher, F., Hussain, S.M., Nazish, N., Joshi, N., Sharma, A., Parra-Sald\u00edvar, R., Bilal, M., and Iqbal, H.M.N. (2022). Exploring Marine as a Rich Source of Bioactive Peptides: Challenges and Opportunities from Marine Pharmacology. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20030208"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2020.56.4.3127026","article-title":"Polatuzumab vedotin to treat relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, in combination with bendamustine plus rituximab","volume":"56","author":"Amaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs Today"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, M., Bai, Z., Xie, B., Peng, R., Du, Z., Liu, Y., Zhang, G., Yan, S., Xiao, X., and Qin, S. (2024). Marine-derived bisindoles for potent selective cancer drug discovery and development. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29050933"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matulja, D., Vranje\u0161evi\u0107, F., Kolympadi Markovic, M., Paveli\u0107, S.K., and Markovi\u0107, D. (2022). Anticancer Activities of Marine-Derived Phenolic Compounds and Their Derivatives. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27041449"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez, S., Arn\u00e1iz, V., Rufo, D., and Arroyo, Y. (2024). Current Status of Indole-Derived Marine Natural Products: Synthetic Approaches and Therapeutic Applications. Mar. Drugs, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/md22030126"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2024.103446","article-title":"A review on Persian Gulf brown algae as potential source for anticancer drugs","volume":"79","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.135823","article-title":"A comprehensive review of marine sponge metabolites, with emphasis on Neopetrosia sp.","volume":"280","author":"Barzkar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16179","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA00228G","article-title":"Bioactive natural products from marine sponges belonging to family Hymedesmiidae","volume":"11","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2024.116850","article-title":"Anticancer potential of active alkaloids and synthetic analogs derived from marine invertebrates","volume":"279","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Librizzi, M., Martino, C., Mauro, M., Abruscato, G., Arizza, V., Vazzana, M., and Luparello, C. (2023). Natural anticancer peptides from marine animal species: Evidence from in vitro cell model systems. Cancers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16010036"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, N., Li, J., and Li, X. (2022). Natural Marine Products: Anti-Colorectal Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20060349"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1039\/D3MD00035D","article-title":"Polysaccharides from marine biological resources and their anticancer activity on breast cancer","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s43450-023-00384-9","article-title":"Current prospects and clinical status of microalgae derived chemotherapeutics","volume":"33","author":"Joshi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Farmacogn."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharmila, A., Bhadra, P., Kishore, C., Selvaraj, C.I., Kavalakatt, J., and Bishayee, A. (2025). Nanoformulated Terpenoids in Cancer: A Review of Therapeutic Applications, Mechanisms, and Challenges. Cancers, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17183013"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lerata, M.S., D\u2019Souza, S., Sibuyi, N.R.S., Dube, A., Meyer, M., Samaai, T., Antunes, E.M., and Beukes, D.R. (2020). Encapsulation of Variabilin in Stearic Acid Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Enhances Its Anticancer Activity in Vitro. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25040830"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, A.-Y., Son, A., Choi, C., and Lee, J. (2021). Isolation of scalarane-type sesterterpenoids from the marine sponge Dysidea sp. and stereochemical reassignment of 12-epi-phyllactone D\/E. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19110627"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carpi, S., Scoditti, E., Polini, B., Brogi, S., Calderone, V., Proksch, P., Ebada, S.S., and Nieri, P. (2022). Pro-apoptotic activity of the marine sponge Dactylospongia elegans metabolites pelorol and 5-epi-ilimaquinone on human 501Mel melanoma cells. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20070427"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13570","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17447-x","article-title":"New diterpenes from the marine sponge Spongionella sp. overcome drug resistance in prostate cancer by inhibition of P-glycoprotein","volume":"12","author":"Dyshlovoy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-022-11914-1","article-title":"Characterization of a bioactive meroterpenoid isolated from the marine-derived fungus Talaromyces sp.","volume":"106","author":"Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112886","article-title":"Disclosing the antitumour potential of the marine bromoditerpene sphaerococcenol A on distinct cancer cellular models","volume":"149","author":"Alves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.3390\/md13020713","article-title":"Antitumor and antimicrobial potential of bromoditerpenes isolated from the red alga, Sphaerococcus coronopifolius","volume":"13","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Liu, D., Fan, A., Huang, J., and Lin, W. (2022). Eremophilane-type sesquiterpenes from a marine-derived fungus Penicillium copticola with antitumor and neuroprotective activities. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20110712"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves, C., Silva, J., Pint\u00e9us, S., Guedes, R.A., Guedes, R.C., Alvari\u00f1o, R., Freitas, R., Goettert, M.I., Gaspar, H., and Alfonso, A. (2022). Bromoditerpenes from the red seaweed Sphaerococcus coronopifolius as potential cytotoxic agents and proteasome inhibitors and related mechanisms of action. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20100652"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202300662","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202300662","article-title":"Two new cembranoids from the Chinese soft coral Sarcophyton boettgeri","volume":"20","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gogineni, V., Oh, J., Waters, A.L., Kelly, M., Stone, R., and Hamann, M.T. (2020). Monanchocidin A from subarctic sponges of the genus Monanchora and their promising selectivity against melanoma in vitro. Front. Mar. Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.00058"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b00577","article-title":"The marine natural product manzamine A inhibits cervical cancer by targeting the SIX1 protein","volume":"83","author":"Karan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12978","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c01271","article-title":"Identification, structure-activity relationships of marine-derived indolocarbazoles, and a dual PKC\u03b8\/\u03b4 inhibitor with potent antipancreatic cancer efficacy","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2021.116461","article-title":"Neopetrosidines A\u2013D, pyridine alkaloids isolated from the marine sponge Neopetrosia chaliniformis and their cell cycle elongation activity","volume":"50","author":"Hitora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nuzzo, G., Gallo, C., Crocetta, F., Romano, L., Barra, G., Senese, G., dell\u2019Isola, M., Carbone, D., Tanduo, V., and Albiani, F. (2022). Identification of the marine alkaloid lepadin A as potential inducer of immunogenic cell death. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12020246"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114343","article-title":"Identification of a novel non-ATP-competitive protein kinase inhibitor of PGK1 from marine nature products","volume":"183","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seabra, R., Malh\u00e3o, F., Correia, A., Costa, C., Kijjoa, A., and Rocha, E. (2023). Effects and mechanisms of action of Preussin, a marine fungal metabolite, against the triple-negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, in 2D and 3D cultures. Mar. Drugs, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/md21030166"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.41.1774","article-title":"L-657,398, a novel antifungal agent: Fermentation, isolation, structural elucidation and biological properties","volume":"41","author":"Schwartz","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1055\/s-1997-1347","article-title":"An epoxide-based enantioselective synthesis of the antifungal antibiotic (+)-Preussin","volume":"1997","author":"Beier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Synthesis"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.42.1184","article-title":"The relative and absolute stereochemistry of the antifungal agent Preussin","volume":"42","author":"Johnson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buttachon, S., Ramos, A.A., In\u00e1cio, \u00c2., Dethoup, T., Gales, L., Lee, M., Costa, P.M., Silva, A.M.S., Sekeroglu, N., and Rocha, E. (2018). Bis-indolyl benzenoids, hydroxypyrrolidine derivatives and other constituents from cultures of the marine sponge-associated fungus Aspergillus candidus KUFA0062. Mar. Drugs, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/md16040119"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1039\/C8OB02645A","article-title":"Alkoxyallene-based syntheses of Preussin and its analogs and their cytotoxicity","volume":"17","author":"Hausherr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Org. Biomol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.10.2794-2801.2000","article-title":"Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase activity and induction of apoptosis by Preussin in human tumor cells","volume":"44","author":"Achenbach","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malh\u00e3o, F., Ramos, A.A., Buttachon, S., Dethoup, T., Kijjoa, A., and Rocha, E. (2019). Cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of Preussin, a hydroxypyrrolidine derivative from the marine sponge-associated fungus Aspergillus candidus KUFA 0062, in a panel of breast cancer cell lines and using 2D and 3D cultures. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17080448"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bogari, H.A., Elhady, S.S., Darwish, K.M., Refaey, M.S., Mohamed, R.A., Abdelhameed, R.F.A., Almalki, A.J., Aldurdunji, M.M., Lashkar, M.O., and Alshehri, S.O. (2023). Molecular and biological investigation of isolated marine fungal metabolites as anticancer agents: A multi-target approach. Metabolites, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13020162"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orfanoudaki, M., Smith, E.A., Hill, N.T., Garman, K.A., Brownell, I., Copp, B.R., Grkovic, T., and Henrich, C.J. (2023). An investigation of structure-activity relationships and cell death mechanisms of the marine alkaloids discorhabdins in Merkel cell carcinoma cells. Mar. Drugs, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/md21090474"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Liu, Y., Qin, H., Qi, G., Chen, X., Lyu, Y., and Han, Y. (2023). RIP1 mediates manzamine-A-induced secretory autophagy in breast cancer. Mar. Drugs, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/md21030151"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2023.105789","article-title":"Investigation of iso-propylchaetominine anticancer activity on apoptosis, cell cycle and Wnt signaling pathway in different cancer models","volume":"173","author":"Karamad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173075","article-title":"Purified compounds from marine organism sea pen induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and cervical cancer cell Hela","volume":"877","author":"Sharifi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2021.101418","article-title":"Anticancer activity in HeLa and MCF-7 cells via apoptopic cell death by a sterol molecule cholesta-4,6-dien-3-ol (EK-7), from the marine ascidian Eudistoma kaverium","volume":"33","author":"Qurishi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riccio, G., Nuzzo, G., Zazo, G., Coppola, D., Senese, G., Romano, L., Costantini, M., Ruocco, N., Bertolino, M., and Fontana, A. (2021). Bioactivity screening of Antarctic sponges reveals anticancer activity and potential cell death via ferroptosis by mycalols. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19080459"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, B., Dewapriya, P., Li, F., Bl\u00fcmel, M., and Tasdemir, D. (2020). Pyrenosetins A\u2013C, new decalinoylspirotetramic acid derivatives isolated by bioactivity-based molecular networking from the seaweed-derived fungus Pyrenochaetopsis sp. FVE-001. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18010047"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bae, S.Y., Liao, L., Park, S.H., Kim, W.K., Shin, J., and Lee, S.K. (2020). Antitumor activity of asperphenin A, a lipopeptidyl benzophenone from marine-derived Aspergillus sp. fungus, by inhibiting tubulin polymerization in colon cancer cells. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18020110"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matroodi, S., Siitonen, V., Baral, B., Yamada, K., Akhgari, A., and Mets\u00e4-Ketel\u00e4, M. (2020). Genotyping-guided discovery of persiamycin A from sponge-associated halophilic Streptomonospora sp. PA3. Front. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01237"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J.-J., Wang, S.-W., Chiang, Y.-R., Pang, K.-L., Kuo, Y.-H., Shih, T.-Y., and Lee, T.-H. (2020). Highly oxygenated constituents from a marine alga-derived fungus Aspergillus giganteus NTU967. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18060303"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18726","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72497-3","article-title":"Endophytic fungus, Chaetomium globosum, associated with marine green alga, a new source of chrysin","volume":"10","author":"Kamat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furtado, L.C., Bauermeister, A., De-Felicio, R., Ortega, R., Pinto, F.C.L., Machado-Neto, J.A., Trivella, D.B.B., Pessoa, O.D.L., Wilke, D.V., and Lopes, N.P. (2021). Marine Streptomyces sp. isolated from the Brazilian endemic tunicate Euherdmania sp. produces dihydroeponemycin and analogs with potent antiglioma activity. Front Mar. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2021.644730"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.1c00179","article-title":"Grincamycins P\u2013T: Rearranged angucyclines from the marine sediment-derived Streptomyces sp. CNZ-748 inhibit cell lines of the rare cancer pseudomyxoma peritonei","volume":"84","author":"Shang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, H., Shi, Z.-M., Lei, Y.-H., Si-Tu, M.-X., Zhou, F.-G., Feng, C., Wei, X., Shao, X.-H., Chen, Y., and Zhang, C.-X. (2022). Rare carbon-bridged citrinin dimers from the starfish-derived symbiotic fungus Penicillium sp. GGF16-1-2. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20070443"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, B., Grauso, L., Li, F., Scarpato, S., Mangoni, A., and Tasdemir, D. (2022). Application of feature-based molecular networking for comparative metabolomics and targeted isolation of stereoisomers from algicolous fungi. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20030210"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, S.-W., Wu, Q., Xu, H., Yao, L.-G., Luo, C., Wang, H., Zhang, H., Li, X.-W., and Guo, Y.-W. (2022). Ocellatuperoxides A\u2013F, uncommon anti-tumoral \u03b3-pyrone peroxides from a photosynthetic mollusk Placobranchus ocellatus. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20100590"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2023.02.002","article-title":"Phlorizin isolated from seagrass Syringodium isoetifolium inhibits diethylnitrosamine and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in BALB\/c mice","volume":"155","author":"Perumal","year":"2023","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21178","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c10418","article-title":"Recifin A, initial example of the Tyr-lock peptide structural family, is a selective allosteric inhibitor of tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I","volume":"142","author":"Krumpe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989-019-09850-2","article-title":"Anticancer effect of marine sponge-associated Bacillus pumilus AMK1 derived dipeptide cyclo (-Pro-Tyr) in human liver cancer cell line through apoptosis and G2\/M phase arrest","volume":"26","author":"Karanam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pept. Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4235","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.0c01281","article-title":"Discovery, total synthesis, and SAR of anaenamides A and B: Anticancer cyanobacterial depsipeptides with a chlorinated pharmacophore","volume":"22","author":"Brumley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scarf\u00ec, S., Pozzolini, M., Oliveri, C., Mirata, S., Salis, A., Damonte, G., Fenoglio, D., Altosole, T., Ilan, M., and Bertolino, M. (2020). Identification, purification and molecular characterization of chondrosin, a new protein with anti-tumoral activity from the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis Nardo 1847. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18080409"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b00918","article-title":"Antitumor activity of ohmyungsamycin A through the regulation of the Skp2-p27 axis and MCM4 in human colorectal cancer cells","volume":"83","author":"Byun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, L., Bar-Shalom, R., Aharonovich, D., Kurisawa, N., Patial, G., Li, S., He, S., Yan, X., Iwasaki, A., and Suenaga, K. (2021). Metabolomic characterization of a cf. Neolyngbya cyanobacterium from the South China Sea reveals wenchangamide A, a lipopeptide with in vitro apoptotic potential in colon cancer cells. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19070397"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, W., Fan, X.M., Jia, S.H., Zhang, X.P., Zhang, Z., Zhang, X.J., Zhang, J.X., and Zhang, Y.W. (2021). Sea cucumber intestinal peptide induces the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells by inhibiting PI3K\/AKT pathway. Front. Nutr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.763692"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7482","DOI":"10.1039\/D2SC02024F","article-title":"Gramicidin A accumulates in mitochondria, reduces ATP levels, induces mitophagy, and inhibits cancer cell growth","volume":"13","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, C., Zhang, S., Zhu, J., Huang, W., Luo, Y., Shi, H., Yu, D., Chen, L., Song, L., and Yu, R. (2022). A novel peptide derived from Arca inflata induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells through mitochondria and the p38 MAPK pathway. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20020110"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kokkaliari, S., Luo, D., Paul, V.J., and Luesch, H. (2023). Isolation and biological activity of iezoside and iezoside B, SERCA inhibitors from Floridian marine cyanobacteria. Mar. Drugs, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/md21070378"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01667-2","article-title":"Microcolin H, a novel autophagy inducer, exerts potent antitumour activity by targeting PITP\u03b1\/\u03b2","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.235","article-title":"Marine-derived antimicrobial peptide piscidin-1 triggers extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma through reactive oxygen species production and inhibits angiogenesis","volume":"220","author":"Chiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.29.327","article-title":"Piscidin-1, an antimicrobial peptide from fish (hybrid striped bass Morone saxatilis x M. chrysops), induces apoptotic and necrotic activity in HT1080 cells","volume":"29","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zool. Sci."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2024.103467","article-title":"Identification and functional analysis of phycocyanin-derived bioactive peptides with non-small cell lung cancer cell inhibition","volume":"79","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Algal. Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3319","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-024-10296-2","article-title":"The antimicrobial peptide tilapia piscidin 4 induced the apoptosis of bladder cancer through ERK\/SIRT1\/PGC-1\u03b1 signaling pathway","volume":"17","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdel-Wahab, B.A., Abd El-Kareem, H.F., Alzamami, A., Fahmy, C.A., Elesawy, B.H., Mostafa Mahmoud, M., Ghareeb, A., El Askary, A., Abo Nahas, H.H., and Attallah, N.G.M. (2022). Novel exopolysaccharide from marine Bacillus subtilis with broad potential biological activities: Insights into antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, and anti-Alzheimer activity. Metabolites, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12080715"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selim, S., Almuhayawi, M.S., Alharbi, M.T., Nagshabandi, M.K., Alanazi, A., Warrad, M., Hagagy, N., Ghareeb, A., and Ali, A.S. (2022). In vitro assessment of antistaphylococci, antitumor, immunological and structural characterization of acidic bioactive exopolysaccharides from marine Bacillus cereus isolated from Saudi Arabia. Metabolites, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12020132"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26406","DOI":"10.1039\/D3RA04009G","article-title":"In vitro studies on the pharmacological potential, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of marine-derived Bacillus velezensis AG6 exopolysaccharide","volume":"13","author":"Alharbi","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.131336","article-title":"Fucoidan MF4 from Fucus vesiculosus inhibits Lewis lung cancer via STING-TBK1-IRF3 pathway","volume":"267","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1002\/cjoc.202000621","article-title":"Lithocarpins E\u2013G, potent anti-tumor tenellone-macrolides from the deep-sea fungus Phomopsis lithocarpus FS508","volume":"39","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S.-C., Li, R.-N., Lin, L.-C., Tang, J.-Y., Su, J.-H., Sheu, J.-H., and Chang, H.-W. (2021). Comparison of antioxidant and anticancer properties of soft coral-derived sinularin and dihydrosinularin. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26133853"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15940","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3612","article-title":"Macrolide analog F806 suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by blocking \u03b21 integrin activation","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattos, D.R., Wan, X., Serrill, J.D., Nguyen, M.H., Humphreys, I.R., Viollet, B., Smith, A.B., McPhail, K.L., and Ishmael, J.E. (2022). The marine-derived macrolactone mandelalide A is an indirect activator of AMPK. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20070418"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanchez, P.R., Head, S.A., Qian, S., Qiu, H., Roy, A., Jin, Z., Zheng, W., and Liu, J.O. (2023). Modulation of the endomembrane system by the anticancer natural product superstolide\/ZJ-101. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119575"}],"container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/24\/5\/173\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T12:12:51Z","timestamp":1778501571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/24\/5\/173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["md24050173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/md24050173","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-3397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-3397","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]}}}