{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:23:11Z","timestamp":1785435791160,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"project AlgaeProBANOS"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["101112943"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101112943"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["101112943"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101112943"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Medical Faculty of the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tvm6f46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide, is known for its beneficial bioactive effects, for example antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vascular modulatory effects. Such a bioactive compound may also be useful for treating neurodegenerative diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Our research focuses on AMD-related pathomechanisms using primary porcine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in vitro and zebrafish (Danio rerio) models in vivo. We tested the bioactivity of a commercially available fucoidan (FVs) from bladderwrack with regard to pathomechanisms of AMD. We performed multiplex assays, RT-qPCR and fluorescence-based assays for the formation of nitric oxide (DAF-FM assay) and reactive oxygen species (DCF-DA assay) to analyze angiogenesis-related chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as protection against oxidative stress and inflammatory insult. Our results showed that FVs significantly reduced the secretion of pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and follistatin as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 8 (IL-8) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic\/polycytidylic acid (PIC) induction. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) was also reduced in the supernatant of the RPE cells. Additionally, in zebrafish, fucoidan decreased the production of NO and ROS. Gene expression of zebrafish embryos revealed anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing pro-inflammatory genes and significantly downregulating, e.g., interleukin 1 beta (IL-1\u03b2). These findings indicate modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and VEGF secretion of the used FVs. This study demonstrates that fucoidan possesses AMD-relevant bioactivities in vitro and in vivo, suggesting fucoidan warrants further investigation in AMD-related research and related pathological mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md24060216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T09:06:52Z","timestamp":1781600812000},"page":"216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Marine-Derived Fucoidan Modulates Pathways Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Cellular and Zebrafish Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7681-2753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haqdil Hakeem","family":"Shad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7062-9918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"D\u00f6rschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samira Laura","family":"Hautmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"Roider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2709-1059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexa","family":"Klettner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","article-title":"Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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