{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T14:24:40Z","timestamp":1784903080624,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":343,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Despite recent advances, current therapies offer little benefit, and AD remains a significant challenge. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have attracted attention for their neuroprotective effects primarily through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but also for their ability to influence membrane fluidity and neuronal function. DHA is the predominant omega-3 PUFA in nerve cell membranes and is critical for synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. Some evidence has demonstrated that marine omega-3 supplementation reduces A\u03b2 deposition, modulates microglial activation, and prevents cognitive decline in animal models. Even with heterogeneous results, preclinical and clinical studies suggest that long-term DHA\/EPA supplementation can improve cognitive function in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and reduce neuroinflammation markers. However, individual variability and brain bioavailability pose significant challenges. This review summarizes and discusses the current knowledge on the importance of PUFAs for human health, exploring novel mechanistic hypotheses, such as the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on brain iron homeostasis, the microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis, the glymphatic system, and miRNAs. Furthermore, it focuses on the therapeutic potential of PUFAs in the treatment of AD and proposes future directions for translational research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md24070224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T08:14:12Z","timestamp":1782375252000},"page":"224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Toward a New Understanding of Neuroprotective Mechanisms and Intervention Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Giacoma","family":"Galizzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Zhu, Z., and Xu, Y. (2025). Signs of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Tied to Aging. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26114974"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12683","article-title":"The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis","volume":"19","author":"Ashleigh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcac083","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac083","article-title":"Emerging insights into synapse dysregulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Cho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16344","article-title":"Lipid metabolism and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Clinical evidence, mechanistic link and therapeutic promise","volume":"290","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-025-00803-6","article-title":"Lipidome disruption in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain: Detection, pathological mechanisms, and therapeutic implications","volume":"20","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-110629","article-title":"Plasma and brain fatty acid profiles in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"29","author":"Cunnane","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2013.10.002","article-title":"Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) from genesis to senescence: The influence of LCPUFA on neural development, aging, and neurodegeneration","volume":"53","author":"Janssen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.3390\/md11072259","article-title":"Alternative sources of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine microalgae","volume":"11","author":"Martins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Remize, M., Brunel, Y., Silva, J.L., Berthon, J.Y., and Filaire, E. (2021). Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19020113"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00f3nasd\u00f3ttir, S.H. (2019). Fatty Acid Profiles and Production in Marine Phytoplankton. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17030151"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ch\u00e1vez-Castillo, M., Gotera, M.P., Duran, P., D\u00edaz, M.P., Nava, M., Cano, C., D\u00edaz-Camargo, E., Cano, G., Cano, R., and Rivera-Porras, D. (2025). Neuroprotective Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Fighting Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30153057"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2017.11.003","article-title":"Microalgae metabolites: A rich source for food and medicine","volume":"26","author":"Sathasivam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dolganyuk, V., Belova, D., Babich, O., Prosekov, A., Ivanova, S., Katserov, D., Patyukov, N., and Sukhikh, S. (2020). Microalgae: A Promising Source of Valuable Bioproducts. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10081153"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focha.2025.100926","article-title":"Microalgae biomass\u2013A source of sustainable dietary bioactive compounds towards improved health and well-being","volume":"6","author":"Silva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem. Adv."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trotta, T., Porro, C., Cianciulli, A., and Panaro, M.A. (2022). Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030676"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-024-01477-7","article-title":"Aqueous extract of Spirulina exerts neuroprotection in an experimental model of Alzheimer sporadic disease in mice induced by Streptozotocin","volume":"40","author":"Tavares","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nuzzo, D., Presti, G., Picone, P., Galizzi, G., Gulotta, E., Giuliano, S., Mannino, C., Gambino, V., Scoglio, S., and Di Carlo, M. (2018). Effects of the Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Extract (Klamin\u00ae) on a Neurodegeneration Cellular Model. Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev., 9089016.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9089016"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pais, R., Conde, T., Neves, B.B., Pinho, M., Coelho, M., Pereira, H., Rodrigues, A.M.C., Domingues, P., Gomes, A.M., and Urbatzka, R. (2024). Bioactive Lipids in Dunaliella salina: Implications for Functional Foods and Health. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13203321"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abreu, A.P., Martins, R., and Nunes, J. (2023). Emerging Applications of Chlorella sp. And Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp.. Bioengineering, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10080955"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, W.N., Kapupara, K., Wen, Y.T., Chen, Y.H., Pan, I.H., and Tsai, R.K. (2020). Haematococcus pluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin Is a Potential Neuroprotective Agent against Optic Nerve Ischemia. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18020085"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, M., Kamberovic, F., Uota, S.T., Kovan, I.-M., Viegas, C.S.B., Simes, D.C., Gangadhar, K.N., Varela, J., and Barreira, L. (2022). Microalgae as Potential Sources of Bioactive Compounds for Functional Foods and Pharmaceuticals. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12125877"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-008-9351-3","article-title":"Crypthecodinium cohnii with Emphasis on DHA Production: A Review","volume":"21","author":"Mendes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, C., Zhang, S., Sun, B., Xie, P., Liu, X., Chang, L., Lu, F., and Zhang, S. (2021). Dietary Supplementation with Microalgae (Schizochytrium sp.) Improves the Antioxidant Status, Fatty Acids Profiles and Volatile Compounds of Beef. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11123517"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2025.103897","article-title":"Oleaginous microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. as a potential source of EPA and bioactive metabolites: Bottlenecks in the downstream processing and unravelling the challenges in its food, feed and therapeutic application","volume":"86","author":"Uthaiah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2021.1888065","article-title":"Photoautotrophic production of eicosapentaenoic acid","volume":"41","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kao, Y.C., Ho, P.C., Tu, Y.K., Jou, I.M., and Tsai, K.J. (2020). Lipids and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041505"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2024.106439","article-title":"Pro-resolving metabolites: Future of the fish oil supplements","volume":"121","author":"Maliha","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1992","article-title":"Protein concentrations and activities of fatty acid desaturase and elongase enzymes in liver, brain, testicle, and kidney from mice: Substrate dependency","volume":"50","author":"Valenzuela","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa142","article-title":"Diet Regulation of Long-Chain PUFA Synthesis: Role of Macronutrients, Micronutrients, and Polyphenols on \u0394-5\/\u0394-6 Desaturases and Elongases 2\/5","volume":"12","author":"Mutch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.04.018","article-title":"Diffusion of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids through the blood\u2013brain barrier: An in situ cerebral perfusion study","volume":"55","author":"Ouellet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2026.101378","article-title":"The neurobiology of fatty acids: Metabolism, signaling, and roles in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"101","author":"Rojas","year":"2026","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11755","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1583-16.2016","article-title":"Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 5 at the Blood-Brain Barrier Regulates Endogenous Brain Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels and Cognitive Function","volume":"36","author":"Pan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13241","article-title":"Mfsd2a is a transporter for the essential omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid","volume":"509","author":"Nguyen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-025-01543-3","article-title":"The Effects and Mechanisms of n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Central Nervous System","volume":"45","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.04.004","article-title":"Fatty acid transporting proteins: Roles in brain development, aging, and stroke","volume":"136","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2020.01.013","article-title":"Brain targeting with docosahexaenoic acid as a prospective therapy for neurodegenerative diseases and its passage across blood brain barrier","volume":"170","author":"Hachem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2017.12.004","article-title":"Brain docosahexaenoic acid uptake and metabolism","volume":"64","author":"Bazinet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4186","article-title":"Fatty Acid Binding Protein 5 Modulates Docosahexaenoic Acid-Induced Recovery in Rats Undergoing Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"33","author":"Figueroa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020502624234","article-title":"Insights into binding of fatty acids by fatty acid binding proteins","volume":"239","author":"Hanhoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201000561","article-title":"A retinal proteomics-based study identifies \u03b1A-crystallin as a sex steroid-regulated protein","volume":"11","author":"Cascio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)02158-7","article-title":"In situ and immunocytochemical localization of E-FABP mRNA and protein during neuronal migration and differentiation in the rat brain","volume":"852","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.092976rl","article-title":"Fatty acid binding proteins in brain development and disease","volume":"54","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2010.07.2028","article-title":"Differential expression of FABP 3, 5, 7 in infantile and adult monkey cerebellum","volume":"68","author":"Boneva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.214.213","article-title":"Fatty acid binding protein: Localization and functional significance in the brain","volume":"214","author":"Owada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14249","article-title":"Reduced blood-brain barrier expression of fatty acid-binding protein 5 is associated with increased vulnerability of APP\/PS1 mice to cognitive deficits from low omega-3 fatty acid diets","volume":"144","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.12.004","article-title":"Effects of fatty acid unsaturation numbers on membrane fluidity and \u03b1-secretase-dependent amyloid precursor protein processing","volume":"58","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2012.20.2.152","article-title":"Effects of docosahexaenoic Acid on neurotransmission","volume":"20","author":"Tanaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0340077","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids and neurotransmission in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"34","author":"Marza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/75.4.662","article-title":"The dopamine mesocorticolimbic pathway is affected by deficiency in (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids","volume":"75","author":"Zimmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12748","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.559062","article-title":"Fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) regulates cognitive function both by decreasing anandamide levels and by activating the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b2\/\u03b4 (PPAR\u03b2\/\u03b4) in the brain","volume":"289","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200204000-00007","article-title":"Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and regulation of gene transcription","volume":"13","author":"Jump","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800029","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.201800029","article-title":"Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Atherosclerosis: Insights from Pre-Clinical Studies","volume":"121","author":"Ramji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3406399","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/3406399","article-title":"Association between Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Profile and Bronchial Inflammation in Bronchiolitis Obliterans","volume":"2023","author":"Jerkic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gutierrez-Guerra, A., Cambron-Mora, D., Rodriguez-Echevarria, R., Hern\u00e1ndez-Bello, J., Campos-P\u00e9rez, W., Canales-Aguirre, A.A., P\u00e9rez-Robles, M., and Martinez-Lopez, E. (2025). Dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA Ratio Modulates Inflammation-Related Gene Expression and Influences Improvements in Biochemical Parameters in a Murine Model of Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17121996"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s43168-025-00427-w","article-title":"Protective role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation in children and adolescents with bronchial asthma: A 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Attia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Bronchol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian, Y., Sun, J., Jiao, D., and Zhang, W. (2024). The potential role of n-3 fatty acids and their lipid mediators on asthmatic airway inflammation. Front. Immunol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1488570"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montecillo-Aguado, M., Tirado-Rodriguez, B., Tong, Z., Vega, O.M., Morales-Mart\u00ednez, M., Abkenari, S., Pedraza-Chaverri, J., and Huerta-Yepez, S. (2020). Importance of the Role of \u03c9-3 and \u03c9-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Progression of Brain Cancer. Brain Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10060381"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.233718","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer","volume":"61","author":"Cockbain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.10.006","article-title":"Resolvins, specialized proresolving lipid mediators, and their potential roles in metabolic diseases","volume":"19","author":"Spite","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, I., Falcato, F., Bandarra, N., and Rauter, A.P. (2022). Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins: DHA-Derived Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators, Biosynthetic Pathways, Synthetic Approaches, and Their Role in Inflammation. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27051677"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06335.x","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid promotes hippocampal neuronal development and synaptic function","volume":"111","author":"Cao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v5.i1.15","article-title":"Role of perinatal long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in cortical circuit maturation: Mechanisms and implications for psychopathology","volume":"5","author":"McNamara","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.5937\/afmnai38-28984","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid modulates oxidative stress and monoamines levels in brain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"38","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2021","journal-title":"AFMN Biomed."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00932.x","article-title":"Glucose transport and utilization are altered in the brain of rats deficient in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids","volume":"81","author":"Lavialle","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.9.2241","article-title":"(n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Deficiency Reduces the Expression of Both Isoforms of the Brain Glucose Transporter GLUT1 in Rats","volume":"135","author":"Pifferi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.01.010","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids upregulate adult neurogenesis","volume":"415","author":"Beltz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7827(00)00017-5","article-title":"The essentiality of long chain (n-3) fatty acids in relation to development and function of the brain and retina","volume":"40","author":"Lauritzen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schneider, N., Bruchhage, M.M.K., O\u2019Neill, B.V., Hartweg, M., Tanguy, J., Steiner, P., Mutungi, G., O\u2019Regan, J., McSweeney, S., and D\u2019Sa, V. (2022). A nutrient formulation affects developmental myelination in term infants: A randomized clinical trial. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.823893"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.08.089","article-title":"Oral supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid and uridine-5\u2032-monophosphate increases dendritic spine density in adult gerbil hippocampus","volume":"1182","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11370","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904835106","article-title":"Improved spatial learning performance of fat-1 mice is associated with enhanced neurogenesis and neuritogenesis by docosahexaenoic acid","volume":"106","author":"He","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5472","DOI":"10.1021\/pr2007285","article-title":"Effects of docosahexaenoic acid on mouse brain synaptic plasma membrane proteome analyzed by mass spectrometry and 16O\/18O labeling","volume":"10","author":"Sidhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, H.Y., Huang, B.X., and Spector, A.A. (2022). Molecular and signaling mechanisms for docosahexaenoic acid-derived neurodevelopment and neuroprotection. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094635"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.1872","article-title":"The salutary effects of DHA dietary supplementation on cognition, neuroplasticity, and membrane homeostasis after brain trauma","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968313498650","article-title":"Dietary strategy to repair plasma membrane after brain trauma: Implications for plasticity and cognition","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurorehabilit. Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lau, J.S., Lust, C.A.C., Lecques, J.D., Hillyer, L.M., Mountjoy, M., Kang, J.X., Robinson, L.E., and Ma, D.W.L. (2024). n-3 PUFA ameliorate functional outcomes following repetitive mTBI in the fat-1 mouse model. Front. Nutr., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1410884"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4021","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.11.4021","article-title":"Biochemical and functional effects of prenatal and postnatal omega 3 fatty acid deficiency on retina and brain in rhesus monkeys","volume":"83","author":"Neuringer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/119.12.1880","article-title":"The effects of dietary \u03b1-linolenic acid on the composition of nerve membranes, enzymatic activity, amplitude of electrophysiological parameters, resistance to poisons and performance of learning tasks in rats","volume":"119","author":"Bourre","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206868","article-title":"Neonatal docosahexaenoic acid in preterm infants and intelligence at 5 years","volume":"387","author":"Gould","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.01.021","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid promotes neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo","volume":"139","author":"Kawakita","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.6.1570","article-title":"Maternal dietary (n-3) fatty acid deficiency alters neurogenesis in the embryonic rat brain","volume":"136","author":"Innis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.03.021","article-title":"Nutritional n-3 PUFAs deficiency during perinatal periods alters brain innate immune system and neuronal plasticity-associated genes","volume":"41","author":"Madore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M500362-JLR200","article-title":"One generation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation increases depression and aggression test scores in rats","volume":"47","author":"DeMar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.05.001","article-title":"Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in human brain structure and function across the lifespan: An update on neuroimaging findings","volume":"136","author":"McNamara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201901890RR","article-title":"Impairment of DHA synthesis alters the expression of neuronal plasticity markers and the brain inflammatory status in mice","volume":"34","author":"Talamonti","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loong, S., Barnes, S., Gatto, N.M., Chowdhury, S., and Lee, G.J. (2023). Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Cognition, and Brain Volume in Older Adults. Brain Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13091278"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318249f6a9","article-title":"Red blood cell \u03c9-3 fatty acid levels and markers of accelerated brain aging","volume":"78","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318264e394","article-title":"Plasma long-chain \u03c9-3 fatty acids and atrophy of the medial temporal lobe","volume":"79","author":"Samieri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.12.004","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acid, carotenoid and vitamin E supplementation improves working memory in older adults: A randomised clinical trial","volume":"41","author":"Power","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stavrinou, P.S., Andreou, E., Aphamis, G., Pantzaris, M., Ioannou, M., Patrikios, I.S., and Giannaki, C.D. (2020). The effects of a 6-month high dose omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant vitamins supplementation on cognitive function and functional capacity in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020325"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.04.001","article-title":"The relationship of omega-3 fatty acids with dementia and cognitive decline: Evidence from prospective cohort studies of supplementation, dietary intake, and blood markers","volume":"117","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.09.007","article-title":"Probing the correlation of neuronal loss, neurofibrillary tangles, and cell death markers across the Alzheimer\u2019s disease Braak stages: A quantitative study in humans","volume":"61","author":"Theofilas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2194","article-title":"Tau-mediated neurodegeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related disorders","volume":"8","author":"Ballatore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-4-3","article-title":"APP processing in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5481","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01249-0","article-title":"The Amyloid-\u03b2 Pathway in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"26","author":"Hampel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160612","article-title":"Amyloid-Beta and phosphorylated tau accumulations cause abnormalities at synapses of Alzheimer\u2019s disease neurons","volume":"57","author":"Rajmohan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01820-6","article-title":"The relationships between neuroinflammation, beta-amyloid and tau deposition in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A longitudinal PET study","volume":"17","author":"Ismail","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2016.630","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Rep."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15519","article-title":"Ferroptosis as a mechanism of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"159","author":"Jakaria","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_99","first-page":"2615","article-title":"Brain Iron Dyshomeostasis and Ferroptosis in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Pathophysiology: Two Faces of the Same Coin","volume":"16","author":"Mezzanotte","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02551-x","article-title":"A\u03b2 initiates brain hypometabolism, network dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities via NOX2-induced oxidative stress in mice","volume":"4","author":"Malkov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rao, I.Y., Hanson, L.R., Johnson, J.C., Rosenbloom, M.H., and Frey, W.H. (2022). Brain Glucose Hypometabolism and Iron Accumulation in Different Brain Regions in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s Diseases. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15050551"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, Z., Koya, J., and Reznik, S.E. (2021). Insulin Resistance Exacerbates Alzheimer Disease via Multiple Mechanisms. Front. Neurosci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.687157"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.119","article-title":"Clearance systems in the brain-implications for Alzheimer disease","volume":"11","author":"Carare","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1566067","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: The amyloid cascade hypothesis","volume":"256","author":"Hardy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01484-7","article-title":"Amyloid \u03b2-based therapy for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Challenges, successes and future","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"146","article-title":"Frequent and symmetric deposition of misfolded tau oligomers within presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"2","author":"Tai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.01.007","article-title":"Synergistic effects of amyloid-beta and wild-type human tau on dendritic spine loss in a floxed double transgenic model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"64","author":"Chabrier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15295","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15295","article-title":"Tau association with synaptic vesicles causes presynaptic dysfunction","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4385","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0055-07.2007","article-title":"Dietary docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid ameliorate amyloid-beta and tau pathology via a mechanism involving presenilin 1 levels","volume":"27","author":"Green","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11435","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO01922H","article-title":"Protective effect and mechanism of docosahexaenoic acid on the cognitive function in female APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"12","author":"Bie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112557","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipid membranes regulate human neuronal function and amyloid-\u03b2 production","volume":"28","author":"Morita","year":"2025","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2015-0149","article-title":"Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid increase the degradation of amyloid-\u03b2 by affecting insulin-degrading enzyme","volume":"94","author":"Grimm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201600896","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote amyloid-beta clearance from the brain through mediating the function of the glymphatic system","volume":"31","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14028","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.182329","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid reduces amyloid beta production via multiple pleiotropic mechanisms","volume":"286","author":"Grimm","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Calon, F., Julien, C., Winkler, J.W., Petasis, N.A., Lukiw, W.J., and Bazan, N.G. (2011). Docosahexaenoic acid-derived neuroprotectin D1 induces neuronal survival via secretase- and PPAR\u03b3-mediated mechanisms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease models. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015816"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.04.013","article-title":"Impact of different saturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid and cholesterol containing diets on beta-amyloid accumulation in APP\/PS1 transgenic mice","volume":"23","author":"Oksman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thota, R.N., Rosato, J.I., Burrows, T.L., Dias, C.B., Abbott, K.A., Martins, R.N., and Garg, M.L. (2020). Docosahexaenoic Acid-Rich Fish Oil Supplementation Reduces Kinase Associated with Insulin Resistance in Overweight and Obese Midlife Adults. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061612"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9078","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1071-09.2009","article-title":"Beta-amyloid oligomers induce phosphorylation of tau and inactivation of insulin receptor substrate via c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling: Suppression by omega-3 fatty acids and curcumin","volume":"29","author":"Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1185-7","article-title":"DHA Selectively Protects SAMP-8-Associated Cognitive Deficits Through Inhibition of JNK","volume":"56","author":"Vela","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.05.005","article-title":"Effect of neuroinflammation on the progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and its significant ramifications for novel anti-inflammatory treatments","volume":"18","author":"Kamila","year":"2025","journal-title":"IBRO Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8586","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45110540","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA and Inflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"45","author":"Galizzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.07.002","article-title":"Inflammation in the early stages of neurodegenerative pathology","volume":"238","author":"Khandelwal","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2017.02.010","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress the inflammatory responses of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse microglia by activating SIRT1 pathways","volume":"1862","author":"Inoue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1151-3","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid attenuates the inflammatory response by modulating microglia polarization through SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of the HMGB1\/NF-\u03baB pathway following experimental traumatic brain injury","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.07.005","article-title":"Resolution of inflammation, n-3 fatty acid supplementation and Alzheimer disease: A narrative review","volume":"310","author":"Fraga","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22783","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid modulates inflammatory and antineurogenic functions of activated microglial cells","volume":"90","author":"Mancini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-130131","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids enhance phagocytosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related amyloid-\u03b242 by human microglia and decrease inflammatory markers","volume":"35","author":"Hjorth","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0244-5","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): A modulator of microglia activity and dendritic spine morphology","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Dom\u00ednguez, M. (2025). Neuroinflammation: Mechanisms, Dual Roles, and Therapeutic Strategies in Neurological Disorders. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol., 47.","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47060417"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charri\u00e8re, K., Ghzaiel, I., Lizard, G., and Vejux, A. (2021). Involvement of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Beneficial Effects of Docosahexahenoic Acid (DHA) Supplied by Food or Combined with Nanoparticles. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910639"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2022.11.001","article-title":"Resolvins Lipid Mediators: Potential Therapeutic Targets in Alzheimer and Parkinson Disease","volume":"507","author":"Anand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2011.08.005","article-title":"Emerging roles of resolvins in the resolution of inflammation and pain","volume":"34","author":"Ji","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.11.047","article-title":"The utilisation of resolvins in medicine and tissue engineering","volume":"140","author":"Blaudez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.01.028","article-title":"Resolvin D1 receptor stereoselectivity and regulation of inflammation and proresolving microRNAs","volume":"180","author":"Krishnamoorthy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6894","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-0889-z","article-title":"Resolvin D1 Halts Remote Neuroinflammation and Improves Functional Recovery after Focal Brain Damage Via ALX\/FPR2 Receptor-Regulated MicroRNAs","volume":"55","author":"Bisicchia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-169599","article-title":"MicroRNAs in resolution of acute inflammation: Identification of novel resolvin D1-miRNA circuits","volume":"25","author":"Recchiuti","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-72","article-title":"Resolvin D1 promotes the interleukin-4-induced alternative activation in BV-2 microglial cells","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14962","article-title":"Resolvin D1 ameliorates cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury via protecting astrocytic mitochondria","volume":"154","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.05.002","article-title":"Resolvin D1 Ameliorates Nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by its Anti-inflammatory Action and Modulating PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR Pathway in the Brain","volume":"51","author":"Bathina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2023.112168","article-title":"Maresin1 ameliorates postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats by potentially regulating the NF-\u03baB pathway to inhibit astrocyte activation","volume":"176","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin, P., Wang, X., Wang, S., Wei, Y., Feng, J., and Zhu, M. (2019). Maresin 1 Improves Cognitive Decline and Ameliorates Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Front. Cell. Neurosci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00466"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shrivastava, P., Lu, Y., Su, S., Kobayashi, Y., Zhao, Y., Lien, N., Masoud, A.R., Lukiw, W.J., and Hong, S. (2024). Maresin-like 1 Ameliorates Neuropathology of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease in Brains of a Transgenic Mouse Model. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202407.0723.v2"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9544-0","article-title":"Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators Improve Neuronal Survival and Increase A\u03b242 Phagocytosis","volume":"53","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2774","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25420","article-title":"A role for docosahexaenoic acid-derived neuroprotectin D1 in neural cell survival and Alzheimer disease","volume":"115","author":"Lukiw","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-022-01216-5","article-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Profile of Lipid Mediators in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"43","author":"Do","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.12.024","article-title":"Resolution of inflammation is altered in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12812","article-title":"Receptors for pro-resolving mediators are increased in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain","volume":"30","author":"Emre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-264218","article-title":"\u03c9-3 Supplementation increases amyloid-\u03b2 phagocytosis and resolvin D1 in patients with minor cognitive impairment","volume":"29","author":"Fiala","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiala, M., and Weitzman, R. (2015). 1\u03b1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Resolvins Improve Immunity to Amyloid-\u03b2 in Patients with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Diet and Nutrition in Dementia and Cognitive Decline, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407824-6.00064-1"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12392","article-title":"Unesterified docosahexaenoic acid is protective in neuroinflammation","volume":"127","author":"Orr","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valente, M., Dentoni, M., Bellizzi, F., Kuris, F., and Gigli, G.L. (2022). Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Neuroinflammation: Overview of Studies and Perspectives of Clinical Applications. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154836"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joffre, C., Rey, C., and Laye, S. (2019). N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Resolution of Neuroinflammation. Front. Pharmacol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01022"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Labrousse, V.F., Nadjar, A., Joffre, C., Costes, L., Aubert, A., Gr\u00e9goire, S., Bretillon, L., and Lay\u00e9, S. (2012). Short-term long chain omega3 diet protects from neuroinflammatory processes and memory impairment in aged mice. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036861"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205012666150921101147","article-title":"Reduction of Oxidative\/Nitrosative Stress in Brain and its Involvement in the Neuroprotective Effect of n-3 PUFA in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"13","author":"Serini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0517-0","article-title":"Oxidatively modified proteins in Alzheimer\u2032s disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment and animal models of AD: Role of Abeta in pathogenesis","volume":"118","author":"Sultana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-004-0255-3","article-title":"Oxidative stress potentiates BACE1 gene expression and Abeta generation","volume":"112","author":"Tong","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181cb5af4","article-title":"Oxidative stress in the progression of Alzheimer disease in the frontal cortex","volume":"69","author":"Ansari","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.09.021","article-title":"Redox proteomics identification of oxidized proteins in Alzheimer\u2019s disease hippocampus and cerebellum: An approach to understand pathological and biochemical alterations in AD","volume":"27","author":"Sultana","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12833","article-title":"Addition of docosahexaenoic acid, but not arachidonic acid, activates glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant systems in murine hippocampal HT22 cells: Potential implications in neuroprotection","volume":"131","author":"Fabelo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casa\u00f1as-S\u00e1nchez, V., P\u00e9rez, J.A., Fabelo, N., Quinto-Alemany, D., and D\u00edaz, M.L. (2015). Docosahexaenoic (DHA) modulates phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (Gpx4) gene expression to ensure self-protection from oxidative damage in hippocampal cells. Front. Physiol., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00203"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2022.04.015","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid enhances hippocampal insulin sensitivity to promote cognitive function of aged rats on a high-fat diet","volume":"45","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200312190-00033","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of docosahexaenoic acid on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in rat hippocampal cultures","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y.W., Li, Q., Li, X.Y., Zhao, Y.C., Wang, C.C., Xue, C.H., Wang, Y.M., and Zhang, T.T. (2023). A Comparative Study about the Neuroprotective Effects of DHA-Enriched Phosphatidylserine and EPA-Enriched Phosphatidylserine against Oxidative Damage in Primary Hippocampal Neurons. Mar. Drugs, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/md21070410"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760701324067","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation induces dose and time dependent oxidative changes in C6 glioma cells","volume":"41","author":"Leonardi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oguro, A., Fujita, K., Ishihara, Y., Yamamoto, M., and Yamazaki, T. (2021). DHA and Its Metabolites Have a Protective Role against Methylmercury-Induced Neurotoxicity in Mouse Primary Neuron and SH-SY5Y Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063213"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borgonovi, S.M., Iametti, S., and Di Nunzio, M. (2023). Docosahexaenoic Acid as Master Regulator of Cellular Antioxidant Defenses: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12061283"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4043-13.2014","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids protect the brain against ischemic injury by activating Nrf2 and upregulating heme oxygenase 1","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12931","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids exert anti-oxidant effects through the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2 pathway in immortalized mouse Schwann cells","volume":"10","author":"Tatsumi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Investig."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.10.023","article-title":"Astaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids individually and in combination protect against oxidative stress via the Nrf2-ARE pathway","volume":"62","author":"Saw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2017.04.009","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve the antioxidative defense in rat astrocytes via an Nrf2-dependent mechanism","volume":"69","author":"Dziedzic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u00edaz, M., Mesa-Herrera, F., and Mar\u00edn, R. (2021). DHA and Its Elaborated Modulation of Antioxidant Defenses of the Brain: Implications in Aging and AD Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10060907"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-018-0765-z","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Provides Neuroprotection in Traumatic Brain Injury Models via Activating Nrf2-ARE Signaling","volume":"41","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0525-7","article-title":"Role of docosahexaenoic acid in the modulation of glial cells in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"13","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.07.002","article-title":"Resolvin D1-mediated NOX2 inactivation rescues macrophages undertaking efferocytosis from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis","volume":"86","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, M., Zhang, J., Zhao, M., Liu, J., Ye, J., Xu, Y., Wang, Z., Ye, D., Li, D., and Wan, J. (2022). Resolvin D1 Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Inhibiting Inflammation, Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.749899"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8491","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402531101","article-title":"Neuroprotectin D1: A docosahexaenoic acid-derived docosatriene protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress","volume":"101","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-010-0351-8","article-title":"NPD1 Induction of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Survival Involves PI3K\/Akt Phosphorylation Signaling","volume":"35","author":"Halapin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.2174\/011570159X365720250225080257","article-title":"The Multifaceted Role of Neuroprotectin D1: Physiological, Pathophysiological, and Pharmacological Insights in Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"23","author":"Zia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9634803","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9634803","article-title":"Maresin 1 Ameliorates Lung Ischemia\/Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing Oxidative Stress via Activation of the Nrf-2-Mediated HO-1 Signaling Pathway","volume":"2017","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","article-title":"Ferroptosis: An iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death","volume":"149","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116512","article-title":"GPX4, ferroptosis, and diseases","volume":"174","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2019.01.021","article-title":"Free radicals in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Lipid peroxidation biomarkers","volume":"491","author":"Baquero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.04.019","article-title":"Iron overload accelerates neuronal amyloid-\u03b2 production and cognitive impairment in transgenic mice model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"35","author":"Bordji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-07152-0","article-title":"The link between amyloid \u03b2 and ferroptosis pathway in Alzheimer\u2019s disease progression","volume":"15","author":"Salinas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-316551","article-title":"Evidence that iron accelerates Alzheimer\u2019s pathology: A CSF biomarker study","volume":"89","author":"Ayton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.01.021","article-title":"Ablation of ferroptosis regulator glutathione peroxidase 4 in forebrain neurons promotes cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration","volume":"12","author":"Hambright","year":"2017","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S379","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-179944","article-title":"Iron and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: An Update on Emerging Mechanisms","volume":"64","author":"Lane","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114312","article-title":"Mechanisms of ferroptosis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and therapeutic effects of natural plant products: A review","volume":"164","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soni, P., Ammal Kaidery, N., Sharma, S.M., Gazaryan, I., Nikulin, S.V., Hushpulian, D.M., and Thomas, B. (2024). A critical appraisal of ferroptosis in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease: New insights into emerging mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Front. Pharmacol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1390798"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Z., Zhang, Y., Liu, S., Tang, H., Yang, L., Lu, Y., Liao, J., Zhang, S., Chen, Z., and Yang, L. (2026). Ferroptosis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Molecular mechanisms and advances in therapeutic strategies. Front. Neurosci., 19.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1673315"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6605","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27915","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid prevents heat stress-triggered ferroptosis in early bovine embryos through lipid metabolism homeostasis","volume":"109","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Dairy. Sci."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2025.115258","article-title":"Maresin-1 alleviates lipid peroxidation-induced ferroptosis after radiation-induced brain injury in mice through the ROR\u03b1\/NRF2 pathway","volume":"389","author":"Jiajia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101955","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in aging","volume":"88","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102713","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"107","author":"Kanaan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925050","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/925050","article-title":"Amyloid-Beta interaction with mitochondria","volume":"2011","author":"Pagani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalczyk, P., Sulejczak, D., Kleczkowska, P., Bukowska-O\u015bko, I., Kucia, M., Popiel, M., Wietrak, E., Kramkowski, K., Wrzosek, K., and Kaczy\u0144ska, K. (2021). Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress-A Causative Factor and Therapeutic Target in Many Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413384"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_383_22","article-title":"Investigating the Role of EPA and DHA on Cellular Oxidative Stress; Profiling Antidiabetic and Antihypertensive Potential","volume":"14","author":"Aldhafiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eggers, B., Stepien, J., Reker, A.K., Esser, S., Pfeiffer, K., Pawlas, M., Barkovits, K., and Marcus, K. (2025). The Protective Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Mitochondria in SH-SY5Y Model of Rotenone-Induced Toxicity. Metabolites, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15010029"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c07751","article-title":"Antioxidant Activity of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Its Regulatory Roles in Mitochondria","volume":"69","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3746\/pnf.2016.21.4.317","article-title":"Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on mitochondrial DNA replication and PGC-1\u03b1 gene expression in C2C12 muscle cells","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev. Nutr. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8950384","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8950384","article-title":"Training Enhances Immune Cells Mitochondrial Biosynthesis, Fission, Fusion, and Their Antioxidant Capabilities Synergistically with Dietary Docosahexaenoic Supplementation","volume":"2016","author":"Martorell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-018-0608-3","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid alleviates oxidative stress-based apoptosis via improving mitochondrial dynamics in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, Y.H., Shin, S.J., Kim, H.S., Hong, S.B., Kim, S., Nam, Y., Kim, J.J., Lim, K., Kim, J.S., and Kim, J.I. (2020). Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Type Docosahexaenoic Acid Protects against A\u03b2-Mediated Mitochondrial Deficits and Pathomechanisms in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease-Related Animal Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113879"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3119649","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3119649","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic Acid Alleviates Brain Damage by Promoting Mitophagy in Mice with Ischaemic Stroke","volume":"2022","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113495","article-title":"NPD1 rapidly targets mitochondria-mediated apoptosis after acute injection protecting brain against ischemic injury","volume":"335","author":"Zirpoli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.113076","article-title":"GluT4: A central player in hippocampal memory and brain insulin resistance","volume":"323","author":"McNay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, C., Yang, Y., Liu, P., Gao, Y., Song, D., and Li, S. (2025). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in diabetic-associated cognitive dysfunction: A nutritional therapeutic perspective. Front. Nutr., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1651304"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2025.04.010","article-title":"Expanding the understanding of insulin resistance in brain and periphery","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59903","article-title":"Demonstrated brain insulin resistance in Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients is associated with IGF-1 resistance, IRS-1 dysregulation, and cognitive decline","volume":"122","author":"Talbot","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galizzi, G., and Di Carlo, M. (2022). Insulin and Its Key Role for Mitochondrial Function\/Dysfunction and Quality Control: A Shared Link between Dysmetabolism and Neurodegeneration. Biology, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11060943"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pliszka, M., and Szablewski, L. (2026). Insulin Signaling in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Association with Brain Insulin Resistance. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27031222"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160493","article-title":"Changes in insulin and insulin signaling in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Cause or consequence?","volume":"213","author":"Stanley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201500714","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid attenuates adipose tissue angiogenesis and insulin resistance in high fat diet-fed middle-aged mice via a sirt1-dependent mechanism","volume":"60","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1391","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00584.2012","article-title":"Influence of fish oil on skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics and lipid metabolites during high-fat diet","volume":"304","author":"Lanza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3303333","article-title":"Fish oil prevents insulin resistance induced by high-fat feeding in rats","volume":"237","author":"Storlien","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1206","article-title":"n-3 Fatty acids preserve insulin sensitivity in vivo in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-dependent manner","volume":"56","author":"Neschen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.230078","article-title":"\u2018Metabolic syndrome\u2019 in the brain: Deficiency in omega-3 fatty acid exacerbates dysfunctions in insulin receptor signalling and cognition","volume":"590","author":"Agrawal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.05194.x","article-title":"The GSK3 hypothesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"104","author":"Hooper","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bl\u00e1zquez, E., Hurtado-Carneiro, V., LeBaut-Ayuso, Y., Vel\u00e1zquez, E., Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda, L., G\u00f3mez-Oliver, F., Ruiz-Albusac, J.M., \u00c1vila, J., and Pozo, M.\u00c1. (2022). Significance of Brain Glucose Hypometabolism, Altered Insulin Signal Transduction, and Insulin Resistance in Several Neurological Diseases. Front. Endocrinol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.873301"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24064","article-title":"The Vicious Circle of Hypometabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Ways and Mechanisms of Metabolic Correction","volume":"95","author":"Zilberter","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1427.007","article-title":"Brain Glucose Hypometabolism and Oxidative Stress in Preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"1147","author":"Mosconi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410420114","article-title":"Metabolic reduction in the posterior cingulate cortex in very early Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"42","author":"Minoshima","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.12.035","article-title":"Decreased Glucose Transporters Correlate to Abnormal Hyperphosphorylation of Tau in Alzheimer Disease","volume":"582","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2025.e00618","article-title":"Restoring glucose metabolism in Alzheimer\u2019s disease by targeting integrated stress response","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M058933","article-title":"Long-chain n-3 PUFAs from fish oil enhance resting state brain glucose utilization and reduce anxiety in an adult nonhuman primate, the grey mouse lemur","volume":"56","author":"Pifferi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2011.04.008","article-title":"Brain and systemic glucose metabolism in the healthy elderly following fish oil supplementation","volume":"85","author":"Nugent","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2007.10.011","article-title":"n-3 Fatty acids modulate brain glucose transport in endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier","volume":"77","author":"Pifferi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids"},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3210","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90603","article-title":"Understanding the functions and relationships of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics","volume":"127","author":"Louveau","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0368-8","article-title":"Functional aspects of meningeal lymphatics in ageing and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"560","author":"Louveau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5767","article-title":"DSCR1 upregulation enhances dural meningeal lymphatic drainage to attenuate amyloid pathology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"255","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25670","article-title":"Impairment of the Glymphatic Pathway and Putative Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels in the Aging Human","volume":"87","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2019.11.008","article-title":"Glymphatic System Impairment in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus","volume":"26","author":"Reeves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147ra111","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748","article-title":"A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid \u03b2","volume":"4","author":"Iliff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kope\u0107, K., Koziorowski, D., and Szlufik, S. (2025). The Therapeutic Potential of Glymphatic System Activity to Reduce the Pathogenic Accumulation of Cytotoxic Proteins in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157552"},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20211275","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20211275","article-title":"Glymphatic system clears extracellular tau and protects from tau aggregation and neurodegeneration","volume":"219","author":"Ishida","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-015-0056-1","article-title":"Deletion of aquaporin-4 in APP\/PS1 mice exacerbates brain Abeta accumulation and memory deficits","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa179","article-title":"Impaired glymphatic function and clearance of tau in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease model","volume":"143","author":"Harrison","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.05.015","article-title":"Suppression of glymphatic fluid transport in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"93","author":"Peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-00999-5","article-title":"Loss of perivascular aquaporin-4 localization impairs glymphatic exchange and promotes amyloid \u03b2 plaque formation in mice","volume":"14","author":"Simon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.4370","article-title":"Association of Perivascular Localization of Aquaporin-4 with Cognition and Alzheimer Disease in Aging Brains","volume":"74","author":"Zeppenfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, E., Wan, X., Yang, L., Wang, D., Chen, Z., Chen, Y., Liu, M., Zhang, G., Wu, J., and Han, H. (2020). Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Alleviate Traumatic Brain Injury by Regulating the Glymphatic Pathway in Mice. Front. Neurol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00707"},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-05363-w","article-title":"Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent Sevoflurane-induced Cognitive and Fine Motor Dysfunctions in Neonatal Mice by Enhancing Phosphorylated Tau Glymphatic System Clearance Pathway","volume":"63","author":"Cao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00618-3","article-title":"Leveraging the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems as therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: An updated overview of nonpharmacological therapies","volume":"18","author":"Formolo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2025.100895","article-title":"Long-term Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation improves meningeal lymphatic function during brain aging in mice","volume":"66","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181f46e25","article-title":"Amyloid efflux transporter expression at the blood-brain barrier declines in normal aging","volume":"69","author":"Silverberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.05.011","article-title":"Aging alters mRNA expression of amyloid transporter genes at the blood-brain barrier","volume":"57","author":"Osgood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.05.033","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote brain-to-blood clearance of \u03b2-Amyloid in a mouse model with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"85","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00018.2018","article-title":"The microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"99","author":"Cryan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102878","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2102878","article-title":"Microbiota-derived metabolites as drivers of gut-brain communication","volume":"14","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01743-1","article-title":"Microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"9","author":"Loh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223813","article-title":"Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions","volume":"336","author":"Nicholson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ottman, N., Smidt, H., de Vos, W.M., and Belzer, C. (2012). The function of our microbiota: Who is out there and what do they do?. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00104"},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.047","article-title":"Indigenous bacteria from the gut microbiota regulate host serotonin biosynthesis","volume":"161","author":"Yano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2020.08.002","article-title":"Human-derived Bifidobacterium dentium modulates the mammalian serotonergic system and gut\u2013brain axis","volume":"11","author":"Engevik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00456-5","article-title":"Oral berberine improves brain dopa\/dopamine levels to ameliorate Parkinson\u2019s disease by regulating gut microbiota","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0307-3","article-title":"GABA-modulating bacteria of the human gut microbiota","volume":"4","author":"Strandwitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05344.x","article-title":"\u03b3-Aminobutyric acid production by culturable bacteria from the human intestine","volume":"113","author":"Barrett","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1434-3","article-title":"Impact of Microbiota on Central Nervous System and Neurological Diseases: The Gut-Brain Axis","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Xu, J., and Chen, Y. (2021). Regulation of Neurotransmitters by the Gut Microbiota and Effects on Cognition in Neurological Disorders. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13062099"},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110591","article-title":"Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora","volume":"308","author":"Eckburg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2023.0727","article-title":"Gut Metabolites Acting on the Gut-Brain Axis: Regulating the Functional State of Microglia","volume":"15","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125739","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2125739","article-title":"Regulation of microglial physiology by the microbiota","volume":"14","author":"Cook","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0157-3","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota-gut-brain communication","volume":"16","author":"Dalile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_264","first-page":"15","article-title":"One more role for the gut: Microbiota and blood brain barrier","volume":"4","author":"Michel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263ra158","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009759","article-title":"The gut micobiota influence Blood-brain barrier permeability in mice","volume":"6","author":"Braniste","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-016-0338-6","article-title":"Human gut microbiota: The links with dementia development","volume":"8","author":"Alkasir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2016.03.001","article-title":"The microbiome: A key regulator of stress and neuroinflammation","volume":"4","author":"Rea","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress."},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-131160","article-title":"A complex proinflammatory role for peripheral monocytes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"38","author":"Saresella","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-016-5083-9","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease and gut microbiota","volume":"59","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuw023","article-title":"Role of gut microbiota and nutrients in amyloid formation and pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease","volume":"74","author":"Pistollato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabo2984","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abo2984","article-title":"Gut microbiome composition may be an indicator of preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Ferreiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, K.C., Lin, C.C., Liu, Y.C., Chao, Y.P., Lai, Y.J., Chiu, Y.L., and Chuang, Y.F. (2023). Altered gut microbiota in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A case-control study. Front. Aging Neurosci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1162057"},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3657","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14252","article-title":"Early changes of fecal short-chain fatty acid levels in patients with mild cognitive impairments","volume":"29","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, L., Han, Y., Zheng, Z., Peng, G., Liu, P., Yue, S., Zhu, S., Chen, J., Lv, H., and Shao, L. (2021). Altered gut microbial metabolites in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Signals in host-microbe interplay. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13010228"},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.019","article-title":"Association of brain amyloidosis with pro-inflammatory gut bacterial taxa and peripheral inflammation markers in cognitively impaired elderly","volume":"49","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3860","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-01980-9","article-title":"N-3 PUFA Have Antidepressant-like Effects Via Improvement of the HPA-Axis and Neurotransmission in Rats Exposed to Combined Stress","volume":"57","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.07.145","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids critically regulate behaviour and gut microbiota development in adolescence and adulthood","volume":"59","author":"Robertson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3089303","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3089303","article-title":"Understanding the Impact of Omega-3 Rich Diet on the Gut Microbiota","volume":"2016","author":"Noriega","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep. Med."},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314968","article-title":"A randomised trial of the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements on the human intestinal microbiota","volume":"67","author":"Watson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-008-0712-0","article-title":"Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Support Epithelial Barrier Integrity and Reduce IL-4 Mediated Permeability in Vitro","volume":"47","author":"Willemsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costantini, L., Molinari, R., Farinon, B., and Merendino, N. (2017). Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on the Gut Microbiota. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122645"},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514000117","article-title":"Impact of dietary fatty acids on metabolic activity and host intestinal microbiota composition in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"111","author":"Patterson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01126-6","article-title":"Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids attenuate hyperglycemia through the microbiome-gut-organs axis in db\/db mice","volume":"9","author":"Zhuang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1900946","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201900946","article-title":"Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Differentially Alter Gut Microbiome and Reverse High-Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance","volume":"64","author":"Zhuang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4030","article-title":"Host Microbiota Constantly Control Maturation and Function of Microglia in the CNS","volume":"18","author":"Erny","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Church, J.S., Bannish, J.A.M., Adrian, L.A., Rojas Martinez, K., Henshaw, A., and Schwartzer, J.J. (2023). Serum short chain fatty acids mediate hippocampal BDNF and correlate with decreasing neuroinflammation following high pectin fiber diet in mice. Front. Neurosci., 17.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1134080"},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2013.10.006","article-title":"Prebiotic feeding elevates central brain derived neurotrophic factor, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunits and d-serine","volume":"63","author":"Savignac","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.11.003","article-title":"Sodium butyrate and mood stabilizers block ouabain-induced hyperlocomotion and increase BDNF, NGF and GDNF levels in brain of Wistar rats","volume":"61","author":"Varela","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-8914-3","article-title":"Sodium butyrate prevents memory impairment by re-establishing BDNF and GDNF expression in experimental pneumococcal meningitis","volume":"52","author":"Barichello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien, J., Hayder, H., Zayed, Y., and Peng, C. (2018). Overview of MicroRNA biogenesis, mechanisms of actions, and circulation. Front. Endocrinol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00402"},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, C.Y., Ryu, I.S., Ryu, J.H., and Cho, H.J. (2021). miRNAs as Therapeutic Tools in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222313012"},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puranik, N., and Song, M. (2024). Insights into the Role of microRNAs as Clinical Tools for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and as Therapeutic Targets in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25189936"},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03734-6","article-title":"Targeting Novel microRNAs in Developing Novel Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Treatments","volume":"48","author":"Seyedaghamiri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Cheng, X., Li, H., Hui, S., Zhang, Z., Xiao, Y., and Peng, W. (2022). Non-Coding RNAs as Novel Regulators of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.908076"},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10577","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-04833-5","article-title":"Regulation of Apoptotic Pathways by MicroRNAs: A Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"62","author":"Saadh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_296","first-page":"9","article-title":"miR-137: A therapeutic candidate or a key molecular regulator in Alzheimer\u2019s disease?","volume":"25","author":"Wasim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis. Rep."},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-03075-8","article-title":"MicroRNAs: Pioneering regulators in Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacDonald-Ramos, K., Mart\u00ednez-Ibarra, A., Monroy, A., Miranda-R\u00edos, J., and Cerb\u00f3n, M. (2021). Effect of Dietary Fatty Acids on MicroRNA Expression Related to Metabolic Disorders and Inflammation in Human and Animal Trials. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13061830"},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2015.05.001","article-title":"Circulating profiling reveals the effect of a polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diet on common microRNAs","volume":"26","author":"Ortega","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4149","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.3318","article-title":"PUFA diets alter the microRNA expression profiles in an inflammation rat model","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, M., Ma, H., Du, H., Yang, Y., Yu, M., and Zhang, C. (2025). Omega-3 fatty acid normalizes postsynaptic density related miRNAs and proteins in hippocampus and prevents DEHP-induced impairment of learning and memory in mice. PLoS ONE, 20.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0313233"},{"key":"ref_302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.242.129","article-title":"Lower Serum Levels of miR-29c-3p and miR-19b-3p as Biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"242","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00627-0","article-title":"The Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing. Differential blood miRNA expression in brain amyloid imaging-defined Alzheimer\u2019s disease and controls","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.111996","article-title":"\u03c93-PUFA alleviates neuroinflammation by upregulating miR-107 targeting PIEZO1\/NF\u03baB p65","volume":"132","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70027","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70027","article-title":"Effect of the Fatty Acid Intake on Cognitive Function Through Gut Microbiota and Circulating microRNAs Remodeling in Middle-Aged and Elderly Overweight and Obese Population","volume":"69","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000002236","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid modulates microglial autophagy via miR-589-5p\/toll-like receptor 4 axis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"37","author":"Hu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.11.1545","article-title":"Plasma phosphatidylcholine docosahexaenoic acid content and risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease: The Framingham Heart Study","volume":"63","author":"Schaefer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chu, C.S., Hung, C.F., Ponnusamy, V.K., Chen, K.C., and Chen, N.C. (2022). Higher Serum DHA and Slower Cognitive Decline in Patients with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Two-Year Follow-Up. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14061159"},{"key":"ref_309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-000-0646-3","article-title":"Fatty acid analysis of blood plasma of patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease, other types of dementia, and cognitive impairment","volume":"35","author":"Conquer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.2174\/157488471003150820151532","article-title":"The Impact of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Is There a Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier?","volume":"10","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.124081","article-title":"Intakes of fish and polyunsaturated fatty acids and mild-to-severe cognitive impairment risks: A dose-response meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies","volume":"103","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-019-02126-x","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A Mendelian randomization study","volume":"59","author":"Tomata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1510","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: A randomized trial","volume":"304","author":"Quinn","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2004.07.001","article-title":"Ethyl-EPA in Alzheimer\u2019s disease--a pilot study","volume":"71","author":"Boston","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids"},{"key":"ref_315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000324268.45138.86","article-title":"Effect of fish oil on cognitive performance in older subjects: A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"71","author":"Geleijnse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.29121","article-title":"Effect of 2-y n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on cognitive function in older people: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"91","author":"Dangour","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.06.008","article-title":"A combined DHA-rich fish oil and cocoa flavanols intervention does not improve cognition or brain structure in older adults with memory complaints: Results from the CANN randomized, controlled parallel-design study","volume":"118","author":"Vauzour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2848-0","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid-concentrated fish oil supplementation in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI): A 12-month randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"225","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160439","article-title":"Effects of DHA Supplementation on Hippocampal Volume and Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A 12-Month Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.10.1402","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acid treatment in 174 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: OmegAD study: A randomized double-blind trial","volume":"63","author":"Cederholm","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.015","article-title":"The effects of omega-3 fatty acids monotherapy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment: A preliminary randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"32","author":"Chiu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-011-0010-z","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements and cognitive decline: Singapore longitudinal aging studies","volume":"15","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511004788","article-title":"Effects of n-3 fatty acids, EPA v. DHA, on depressive symptoms, quality of life, memory and executive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A 6-month randomised controlled trial","volume":"107","author":"Sinn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bo, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., You, J., Cui, H., Zhu, Y., Pang, W., Liu, W., Jiang, Y., and Lu, Q. (2017). The n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation Improved the Cognitive Function in the Chinese Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9010054"},{"key":"ref_325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuab078","article-title":"Fish intake, n-3 fatty acid body status, and risk of cognitive decline: A systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis of observational and experimental studies","volume":"80","author":"Kosti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30610","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-16129-8","article-title":"A systematic review and dose response meta-analysis of Omega 3 supplementation on cognitive function","volume":"15","author":"Shahinfar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8346443","article-title":"Gene Dose of Apolipoprotein E Type 4 Allele and the Risk of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease in Late Onset Families","volume":"261","author":"Corder","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-191017","article-title":"Effect of APOE Genotype on Plasma Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA), Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Arachidonic Acid, and Hippocampal Volume in the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Cooperative Study-Sponsored DHA Clinical Trial","volume":"74","author":"Tomaszewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000183148.34197.2e","article-title":"Benefits of fatty fish on dementia risk are stronger for those without APOE epsilon4","volume":"65","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000278116.37320.52","article-title":"Dietary patterns and risk of dementia: The Three-City cohort study","volume":"69","author":"Raffaitin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.2.449","article-title":"n-3 Fatty acid erythrocyte membrane content, APOE varepsilon4, and cognitive variation: An observational follow-up study in late adulthood","volume":"87","author":"Whalley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glv109","article-title":"A High Omega-3 Fatty Acid Multinutrient Supplement Benefits Cognition and Mobility in Older Women: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Pilot Study","volume":"71","author":"Strike","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-024-03324-y","article-title":"Effects of vitamins and polyunsaturated fatty acids on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"63","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514001408","article-title":"Pitfalls in the use of randomised controlled trials for fish oil studies with cardiac patients","volume":"112","author":"James","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-017-0957-5","article-title":"Cognitive Changes with Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Non-Demented Older Adults with Low Omega-3 Index","volume":"21","author":"Hooper","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1425978","article-title":"How does high-DHA fish oil affect health? A systematic review of the evidence","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Schacky, C. (2021). Importance of EPA and DHA Blood Levels in Brain Structure and Function. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041074"},{"key":"ref_338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71023","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71023","article-title":"The microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A scoping review of human studies","volume":"22","author":"Warren","year":"2026","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.7.940","article-title":"Consumption of fish and n-3 fatty acids and risk of incident Alzheimer disease","volume":"60","author":"Morris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2018.12.003","article-title":"How the plasma lysophospholipid and unesterified fatty acid pools supply the brain with docosahexaenoic acid","volume":"142","author":"Bazinet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids"},{"key":"ref_341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11766-0","article-title":"Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as lysophosphatidylcholine, but not as free acid, enriches brain DHA and improves memory in adult mice","volume":"7","author":"Sugasini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.125125","article-title":"Nose-to-brain delivery of DHA-loaded nanoemulsions: A promising approach against Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"670","author":"Otaegui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joffre, C., Dinel, A.L., Chataigner, M., Pallet, V., and Lay\u00e9, S. (2020). n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Derivates Reduce Neuroinflammation during Aging. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030647"}],"container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/24\/7\/224\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T08:28:17Z","timestamp":1782376097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/24\/7\/224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"references-count":343,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["md24070224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/md24070224","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-3397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-3397","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]}}}