{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:27:44Z","timestamp":1785432464198,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ningde Normal University","award":["2026T01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026T01"]}]},{"name":"Ningde Normal University","award":["2025Y01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025Y01"]}]},{"name":"Ningde Normal University","award":["2025ZX036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZX036"]}]},{"name":"Ningde Normal University","award":["2025ZX030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZX030"]}]},{"award":["2026T01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026T01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01p996c64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2025Y01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025Y01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01p996c64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2025ZX036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZX036"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01p996c64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2025ZX030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZX030"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01p996c64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sea urchins harbor diverse microbial communities that may contribute to host-associated ecological interactions, microbial competition, and chemical defense. However, the compartment-specific organization of sea urchin-associated microbiota and their predicted chemical-defense-related functional potential remain poorly understood under aquaculture conditions. In this study, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to characterize microbial communities in rearing water, coelomic fluid, intestine, stomach contents, and surface mucus of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (H. pulcherrimus). KEGG Orthology (KO)-based functional prediction was further performed to evaluate predicted chemical-defense-related functional potential, including predicted chemical-defense-related pathways, siderophore-related functions, quorum sensing-related functions, and bacterial competition- and secretion system-related functions. Rarefaction curves and Coverage values indicated sufficient sequencing depth. Alpha diversity and Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses revealed clear microbial differentiation among the five sample types, with rearing water showing higher microbial richness. Taxonomic analysis identified Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, Campylobacterota, Bacillota, Planctomycetota, and Spirochaetota as dominant phyla, with several discriminative taxa across compartments. KO prediction showed that total predicted abundance of predicted chemical-defense-related KOs differed significantly among sample types. Among host-associated compartments, surface mucus showed relatively higher predicted siderophore-related KO potential, whereas stomach contents showed higher predicted quorum sensing-related KO potential among host-associated compartments. These findings suggest compartment-specific microbial communities and predicted chemical-defense-related functional potential in cultured H. pulcherrimus under aquaculture conditions. Because these functions were inferred from 16S-based KO prediction, they should be interpreted as preliminary hypotheses for future metagenomic, metabolomic, and culture-dependent validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md24070243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T13:16:28Z","timestamp":1783689388000},"page":"243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microbial Community Differentiation and Predicted Chemical-Defense-Related Functional Potential Across Distinct Microhabitats of Cultured Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ding","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Mindong Aquatic Products, Ningde 352100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Mindong Aquatic Products, Ningde 352100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangyu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengfang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological Science and Engineering, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binxin","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Mindong Aquatic Products, Ningde 352100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuncan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Mindong Aquatic Products, Ningde 352100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelly, M. (2004). Sea urchin aquaculture: A review and outlook. Echinoderms, Taylor & Francis Group.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203970881.ch48"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arranz, V., Schm\u00fctsch-Molina, L., Fernandez-Vilert, R., Hern\u00e1ndez, J.C., and P\u00e9rez-Portela, R. (2025). Sea urchin holobionts: Microbiome variation across species, compartments and locations in Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula. Front. Mar. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2025.1615711"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21443","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78534-5","article-title":"Composition and geographic variation of the bacterial microbiota associated with the coelomic fluid of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus","volume":"10","author":"Faddetta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fiw146","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiw146","article-title":"The gut microbiome of the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus, from its natural habitat demonstrates selective attributes of microbial taxa and predictive metabolic profiles","volume":"92","author":"Hakim","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3390\/applmicrobiol1020016","article-title":"The gut microbiota of naturally occurring and laboratory aquaculture Lytechinus variegatus revealed differences in the community composition, taxonomic co-occurrence, and predicted functional attributes","volume":"1","author":"Green","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hakim, J.A., Schram, J.B., Galloway, A.W., Morrow, C.D., Crowley, M.R., Watts, S.A., and Bej, A.K. (2019). The purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus demonstrates a compartmentalization of gut bacterial microbiota, predictive functional attributes, and taxonomic co-occurrence. Microorganisms, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7020035"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ftad025","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftad025","article-title":"Bald sea urchin disease shifts the surface microbiome on purple sea urchins in an aquarium","volume":"81","author":"Shaw","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12160","article-title":"Chemical defensive symbioses in the marine environment","volume":"28","author":"Lopanik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, L.T. (2023). Impact of marine chemical ecology research on the discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals. Mar. Drugs, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/md21030174"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pena, R.T., Blasco, L., Ambroa, A., Gonz\u00e1lez-Pedrajo, B., Fern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda, L., L\u00f3pez, M., Bleriot, I., Bou, G., Garc\u00eda-Contreras, R., and Wood, T.K. (2019). Relationship between quorum sensing and secretion systems. Front. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01100"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejbt.2016.02.002","article-title":"Natural antifouling compound production by microbes associated with marine macroorganisms\u2014A review","volume":"21","author":"Satheesh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electron. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Barreras, R., Dominicci-Maura, A., Tosado-Rodr\u00edguez, E.L., and Godoy-Vitorino, F. (2023). The epibiotic microbiota of wild Caribbean sea urchin spines is species specific. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020391"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.15517\/rbt.v69iSuppl.1.46388","article-title":"Blue growth: Sea urchin sustainable aquaculture, innovative approaches","volume":"69","author":"Rubilar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Biol. Trop."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb43020070","article-title":"Microbial composition and genes for key metabolic attributes in the gut digesta of sea urchins Lytechinus variegatus and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus using shotgun metagenomics","volume":"43","author":"Hakim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00514-23","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00514-23","article-title":"Spatial succession underlies microbial contribution to food digestion in the gut of an algivorous sea urchin","volume":"11","author":"Masasa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, Q., Yu, K., Liang, J., Wang, Y., Hu, B., Huang, X., Chen, B., and Qin, Z. (2019). The composition, diversity and predictive metabolic profiles of bacteria associated with the gut digesta of five sea urchins in Luhuitou fringing reef (northern South China Sea). Front. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01168"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fiaf006","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiaf006","article-title":"Sea urchin intestinal bacterial communities depend on seaweed diet and contain nitrogen-fixing symbionts","volume":"101","author":"Bengtsson","year":"2025","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Zheng, Q., Wang, S., Zeng, J., Yuan, Q., Zhong, Y., Jiang, L., and Shao, Z. (2023). Characterization of two novel chemolithoautotrophic bacteria of Sulfurovum from marine coastal environments and further comparative genomic analyses revealed species differentiation among deep-sea hydrothermal vent and non-vent origins. Front. Mar. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1222526"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2017.37","article-title":"Niche partitioning of diverse sulfur-oxidizing bacteria at hydrothermal vents","volume":"11","author":"Meier","year":"2017","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1133609","article-title":"The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus","volume":"314","author":"Sodergren","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1134301","article-title":"Genomic insights into the immune system of the sea urchin","volume":"314","author":"Rast","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.08.065","article-title":"The immune gene repertoire encoded in the purple sea urchin genome","volume":"300","author":"Hibino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barela Hudgell, M.A., Grayfer, L., and Smith, L.C. (2022). Coelomocyte populations in the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, undergo dynamic changes in response to immune challenge. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.940852"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ihara, H., Hori, T., Aoyagi, T., Takasaki, M., and Katayama, Y. (2017). Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria mediate microbial community succession and element cycling in launched marine sediment. Front. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00152"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00513-24","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00513-24","article-title":"Arcobacteraceae are ubiquitous mixotrophic bacteria playing important roles in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling in global oceans","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Msystems"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-019-0476-y","article-title":"In marine Bacteroidetes the bulk of glycan degradation during algae blooms is mediated by few clades using a restricted set of genes","volume":"13","author":"Chafee","year":"2019","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00864-22","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00864-22","article-title":"Frequent occurrence and metabolic versatility of Marinifilaceae bacteria as key players in organic matter mineralization in global deep seas","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Msystems"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Techtmann, S.M., Fitzgerald, K.S., Stelling, S.C., Joyner, D.C., Uttukar, S.M., Harris, A.P., Alshibli, N.K., Brown, S.D., and Hazen, T.C. (2016). Colwellia psychrerythraea strains from distant deep sea basins show adaptation to local conditions. Front. Environ. Sci., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2016.00033"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/s43705-023-00310-z","article-title":"Species-specific responses of marine bacteria to environmental perturbation","volume":"3","author":"Kleindienst","year":"2023","journal-title":"ISME Commun."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.21.012704.131001","article-title":"Quorum sensing: Cell-to-cell communication in bacteria","volume":"21","author":"Waters","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03688.x","article-title":"Quorum sensing controls biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae","volume":"50","author":"Hammer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01756-07","article-title":"Quorum sensing controls biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae through modulation of cyclic di-GMP levels and repression of vpsT","volume":"190","author":"Waters","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayer, C., Muras, A., Parga, A., Romero, M., Rumbo-Feal, S., Poza, M., Ramos-Vivas, J., and Otero, A. (2020). Quorum sensing as a target for controlling surface associated motility and biofilm formation in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC\u00ae 17978TM. Front. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.565548"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4580","DOI":"10.1021\/cr9002787","article-title":"Microbial iron acquisition: Marine and terrestrial siderophores","volume":"109","author":"Sandy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Guo, Y., Lu, Y., Wang, B., Sun, J., Zhang, H., and Wang, H. (2019). Chemistry and biology of siderophores from marine microbes. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17100562"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruno, A., Sandionigi, A., Panio, A., Rimoldi, S., Orizio, F., Agostinetto, G., Hasan, I., Gasco, L., Terova, G., and Labra, M. (2023). Aquaculture ecosystem microbiome at the water-fish interface: The case-study of rainbow trout fed with Tenebrio molitor novel diets. BMC Microbiol., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-02990-y"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srinivasan, R., Kannappan, A., Shi, C., and Lin, X. (2021). Marine bacterial secondary metabolites: A treasure house for structurally unique and effective antimicrobial compounds. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19100530"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NP00018H","article-title":"Exploring nature\u2019s battlefield: Organismic interactions in the discovery of bioactive natural products","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0548-6","article-title":"PICRUSt2 for prediction of metagenome functions","volume":"38","author":"Douglas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0284-4","article-title":"Bacterial siderophores in community and host interactions","volume":"18","author":"Kramer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00037-15","article-title":"Microbial surface colonization and biofilm development in marine environments","volume":"80","author":"Dang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3354\/ame01753","article-title":"Minor revision to V4 region SSU rRNA 806R gene primer greatly increases detection of SAR11 bacterioplankton","volume":"75","author":"Apprill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquat. Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15215","article-title":"Biogeochemistry and hydrography shape microbial community assembly and activity in the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean oxygen minimum zone","volume":"23","author":"Beman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, D., Wang, L., Jiang, F., Zeng, X., Xu, Q., Zhang, X., Zheng, Q., and Shao, Z. (2024). Prokaryotic community structure and key taxa in the Arabian Sea\u2019s oxygen minimum zone. Front. Mar. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2024.1380819"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010","article-title":"MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: Improvements in performance and usability","volume":"30","author":"Katoh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Price, M.N., Dehal, P.S., and Arkin, A.P. (2010). FastTree 2\u2013approximately maximum-likelihood trees for large alignments. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009490"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: Improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, Y., Jiang, Y.-H., Yang, Y., He, Z., Luo, F., and Zhou, J. (2012). Molecular ecological network analyses. BMC Bioinform., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-113"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.2307\/1942268","article-title":"An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin","volume":"27","author":"Bray","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9993.1993.tb00438.x","article-title":"Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure","volume":"18","author":"Clarke","year":"1993","journal-title":"Aust. J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2014.2346248","article-title":"UpSet: Visualization of intersecting sets","volume":"20","author":"Lex","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2832","article-title":"Microbial interactions: From networks to models","volume":"10","author":"Faust","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/24\/7\/243\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T05:40:54Z","timestamp":1784094054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/24\/7\/243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["md24070243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/md24070243","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-3397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-3397","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]}}}