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Drugs","Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex cluster of interconnected metabolic abnormalities, including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, chronic inflammation, and impaired glucose metabolism, which collectively increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Although current therapeutic strategies, including lifestyle interventions and pharmacological treatments, can be effective in managing specific MetS components, the multifactorial nature of this condition continues to encourage the search for complementary approaches and novel bioactive compounds. Salt-tolerant plants (STPs), particularly halophytes, survive under adverse saline and oxidative stress conditions through specialized physiological and biochemical adaptations, including the production of diverse secondary metabolites such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, sterols, terpenoids and polysaccharides. Several of these compounds have been associated with health-promoting properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, lipid-modulating and cardioprotective effects. This review provides an integrated and critical overview of the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and bioactivities of STPs with potential relevance to MetS and its associated conditions, namely chronic inflammation, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, dyslipidemia and obesity. The review first introduces the main features of MetS and the relevance of STPs as bioresources, followed by a synthesis of ethnomedicinal uses related to MetS-associated disorders. It then discusses in vitro and in vivo evidence for selected species, extracts and compounds, including reported bioactive metabolites and proposed mechanisms of action when available. Finally, the most promising species, extracts and metabolites are highlighted, together with current limitations and future research needs regarding efficacy, safety, bioavailability, standardization and clinical relevance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md24080262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T17:01:46Z","timestamp":1785344506000},"page":"262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Bioactivities of Halophytes and Salt-Tolerant Plants with Potential Against Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8732-710X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR\/CIMAR LA), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Garc\u00eda-Caparr\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Polytechnic School of Engineering, University of Almer\u00eda, Carretera Sacramento s\/n, La Ca\u00f1ada de San Urbano, 04120 Almeria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1131-8773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina Guerreiro","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR\/CIMAR LA), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8295-6748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Magn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G\u00e9oarchitecture Laboratory\u2014Territories, Urban Planning, Biodiversity and Environment, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, CS 93897, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim Ben","family":"Hamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering School of Manouba (ENIM), University of Manouba, Campus Universitaire de la Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 95, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana Laundry de","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bras\u00edlia, Campus Universit\u00e1rio Darcy Ribeiro, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4338-7703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Cust\u00f3dio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR\/CIMAR LA), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165838","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic syndrome","volume":"1866","author":"Prasun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. 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