{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T10:54:13Z","timestamp":1785840853617,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82304335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82304335"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["82304335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82304335"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2023QB055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023QB055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mar. Drugs","Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sea cucumber cooking liquid contains water-soluble macromolecules, but its bioactive polysaccharide fractions remain insufficiently characterized. In this study, a polysaccharide-rich fraction, P0.7, was isolated from sea cucumber cooking liquid and evaluated for its antitumor activity against HCT-15 colorectal cancer. P0.7 was characterized as a relatively homogeneous sulfated acidic heteropolysaccharide-rich fraction containing 83.61 \u00b1 3.65% total sugar, 13.67 \u00b1 2.48% sulfate, 9.98 \u00b1 1.22% uronic acid, and 5.11 \u00b1 0.34% protein. It was mainly composed of galactose, mannose, and glucose, accounting for 34.12%, 26.93%, and 17.99%, respectively. Among the tested tumor cell lines, HCT-15 cells showed the highest sensitivity to P0.7, with inhibition rates of approximately 45% and 63% at 100 and 200 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively. P0.7 promoted apoptosis, induced G2\/M-phase accumulation, increased ROS production, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, regulated Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 expression, and enhanced \u03b3-H2AX-related DNA damage-response signaling in HCT-15 cells. In an HCT-15 xenograft mouse model, P0.7 reduced terminal tumor volume and tumor weight without causing obvious body weight loss. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses further showed reduced Ki67 staining, increased TUNEL-positive signals, and enhanced \u03b3-H2AX staining in tumor tissues. These findings indicate that P0.7 suppresses HCT-15 colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in vivo, possibly through mechanisms associated with ROS accumulation, mitochondrial apoptosis, and \u03b3-H2AX-related DNA damage response. These findings provide additional experimental evidence supporting the investigation of sea cucumber-derived polysaccharides for potential pharmaceutical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md24080270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T10:38:08Z","timestamp":1785839888000},"page":"270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Sulfated Acidic Heteropolysaccharide from Sea Cucumber Cooking Liquid Suppresses HCT-15 Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation by Inducing ROS-Associated Mitochondrial Apoptosis and DNA Damage Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengquan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoxi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binzhuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kairui","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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