{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T04:28:10Z","timestamp":1787113690154,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Minister of Science of the Republic of Poland","award":["RID\/SP\/0010\/2024\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RID\/SP\/0010\/2024\/01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mar. Drugs","Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microalgae are a rich source of bioactive metabolites, including unsaturated fatty acids, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds with antioxidant and nutraceutical potential. Salicylic acid (SA) and its volatile ester, methyl salicylate (MS), are well-known elicitors of secondary metabolism in higher plants, yet their mechanisms of action in green microalgae, particularly the effects of MS, remain poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated how salicylates applied at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 \u00b5M affect the growth and accumulation of bioactive compounds in a high-productivity clone of Planktochlorella nurekis, combining gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS) fatty acid profiling with spectrophotometric determination of pigment levels, total phenols, and L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity. SA increased cell number and size, whereas 0.1 \u00b5M MS resulted in a six-fold gain in cell number. Accordingly, 10 \u00b5M MS raised chlorophyll b levels\u2014nearly three-fold (from 76 to 211 \u00b5g per g D.W.)\u2014and total carotenoids\u2014roughly four-fold (129 to 520 \u00b5g per g D.W.)\u2014while both elicitors significantly increased the monounsaturated fatty acid fraction (from 29% to about 40%). Notably, 10 \u00b5M SA lowered the levels of saturated fatty acids. Moreover, 10 \u00b5M MS doubled the PAL activity and increased the total phenols by 17% compared to the control. Thus, SA and MS act as effective elicitors of high-value metabolites in P. nurekis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md24080283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:42:17Z","timestamp":1786974137000},"page":"283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Concentration-Dependent Effects of Salicylic Acid and Methyl Salicylate on Chlorophylls, Carotenoids, Fatty Acids, and Phenolic Compounds in the Green Microalga Planktochlorella nurekis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Cicho\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 16C Rejtana Street, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrycja","family":"Michalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnology, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 8B Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiktor","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnology, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 8B Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0271-2290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Czerniewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Siedlce, 14 Prusa Street, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3203-3195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewelina","family":"Kuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Nature Protection and Sustainable Development, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4436-8638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"S\u0142owik-Borowiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnology, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 8B Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9836-1514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Chrzanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnology, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 8B Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.135295","article-title":"Algal nutraceuticals: A perspective on metabolic diversity, current food applications, and prospects in the field of metabolomics","volume":"409","author":"Cassani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mimouni, V., Couzinet-Mossion, A., Ulmann, L., and Wielgosz-Collin, G. 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