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Drugs","Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Five new cembrane-type diterpenes (1\u20135), one new casbane-type diterpene (7), and ten known related ones (6, 8\u201316) were isolated from the South China Sea soft coral Sinularia nanolobata. The structures of new compounds were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, NMR calculation with DP4+ probability analysis, time-dependent density functional theory\u2013electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT-ECD) calculations, and comparison with the reported spectroscopic data of known analogs. Structurally, compounds 2\u20135 featured rare five- to seven-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclic rings with diverse joints, reflecting remarkable chemical diversity of secondary metabolites. In bioassays, all isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects. Although no significant cytotoxic or anti-inflammatory activity was observed, the structural novelty of these compounds expands the chemical diversity of this class of natural products, providing valuable leads for further structural modifications and biological investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md24090317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T08:07:41Z","timestamp":1789027661000},"page":"317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cembrane- and Casbane-Type Diterpenes from the South China Sea Soft Coral Sinularia nanolobata"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Li-Gong","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7453-5572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin-Fu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9828-7431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Song-Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0413-2070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue-Wei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"},{"name":"Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3062","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-022-00980-w","article-title":"Chemistry and bioactivity of secondary metabolites from South China Sea marine fauna and flora: Recent research advances and perspective","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. 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