{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T12:04:41Z","timestamp":1789646681407,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82460683"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82460683"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["82460683"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82460683"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005693","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for Hainan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KYQD(ZR)-23061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYQD(ZR)-23061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mar. Drugs","Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ferroptosis is a critical driver of tubular necrosis, and its effective inhibition holds significant potential for mitigating renal injury. In this study, chemical investigation of the strain Penicillium rubens MABC05 yielded nine drimane-pyrone-type meroterpenoids (1\u20139), including six previously undescribed analogues, a previously undescribed tetrahydroxanthone-ergosterol hybrid (10), four steroids (11\u201314), and three xanthone derivatives (15\u201317). Their structures were elucidated via comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, supported by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (Mo K\u03b1 for 1 and 3, and Cu K\u03b1 for 6) and 13C NMR calculations (2 and 10). The absolute configurations of 1\u20135 and 10 were assigned by ECD calculation. Compounds 1\u20136 represent a rare group of meroterpenoids containing a fused drimane-type sesquiterpene and pyrone skeleton. Additionally, two storage-induced oxidative artifacts of 10 were also characterized. These compounds were evaluated for anti-ferroptotic and cytotoxic activities. Compound 15 exhibited inhibition against RSL3-induced ferroptosis in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells with an EC50 value of 12.8 \u03bcM; it effectively reduced MDA levels, elevated GSH content, and suppressed lipid radical generation. Compounds 11 and 16 exhibited cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 4.3 and 8.4 \u03bcM, respectively. Compound 15 represents a promising chemotype for ferroptosis inhibitors with potential for mitigating renal tubular injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md24090326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:41:35Z","timestamp":1789645295000},"page":"326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Drimane-Pyrone-Type Meroterpenoids and Co-Isolated Compounds from the Deep-Sea Fungus Penicillium rubens MABC05 and Their Anti-Ferroptotic and Cytotoxic Activities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lingyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xinjia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Caixia","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7553-8628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuhua","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zhongbin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2016.03.013","article-title":"Talarolutins A\u2013D: Meroterpenoids from an endophytic fungal isolate of Talaromyces minioluteus","volume":"126","author":"Kaur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1021\/np400826p","article-title":"Penicillipyrones A and B, meroterpenoids from a marine-derived Penicillium sp. fungus","volume":"77","author":"Liao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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