{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:27:26Z","timestamp":1790879246952,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,24]],"date-time":"2011-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1319414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the cardiovascular effects elicited by Dictyota pulchella, a brown alga, using in vivo and in vitro approaches. In normotensive conscious rats, CH2Cl2\/MeOH Extract (CME, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg\/kg) from Dictyota pulchella produced dose-dependent hypotension (\u22124 \u00b1 1; \u22128 \u00b1 2; \u221253 \u00b1 8 and \u221263 \u00b1 3 mmHg) and bradycardia (\u22128 \u00b1 6; \u221217 \u00b1 11; \u2212257 \u00b1 36 and \u2212285 \u00b1 27 b.p.m.). In addition, CME and Hexane\/EtOAc Phase (HEP) (0.01\u2013300 \u00b5g\/mL) from Dictyota pulchella induced a concentration-dependent relaxation in phenylephrine (Phe, 1 \u00b5M)-pre-contracted mesenteric artery rings. The vasorelaxant effect was not modified by the removal of the vascular endothelium or pre-incubation with KCl (20 mM), tetraethylammonium (TEA, 3 mM) or tromboxane A2 agonist U-46619 (100 nM). Furthermore, CME and HEP reversed CaCl2-induced vascular contractions. These results suggest that both CME and HEP act on the voltage-operated calcium channel in order to produce vasorelaxation. In addition, CME induced vasodilatation after the vessels have been pre-contracted with L-type Ca2+ channel agonist (Bay K 8644, 200 nM). Taken together, our data show that CME induces hypotension and bradycardia in vivo and that both CME and HEP induce endothelium-independent vasodilatation in vitro that seems to involve the inhibition of the Ca2+ influx through blockade of voltage-operated calcium channels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md9102075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,24]],"date-time":"2011-10-24T11:44:55Z","timestamp":1319456695000},"page":"2075-2088","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Vasorelaxation, Induced by Dictyota pulchella (Dictyotaceae), a Brown Alga, Is Mediated via Inhibition of Calcium Influx in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Thyago M.","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, PB 58.051-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia T.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, PB 58.051-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fab\u00edola F.","family":"Furtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, PB 58.051-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abrah\u00e3o A.","family":"Oliveira-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, PB 58.051-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria C.","family":"Alustau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, PB 58.051-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila S.","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, PB 58.051-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George E. C.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, PB 58.051-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Barbosa-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, PB 58.051-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valdir A.","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, PB 58.051-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isac A.","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, PB 58.051-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008174115350","article-title":"An anticoagulant proteoglycan from the marine green alga, Codium pugniformis","volume":"12","author":"Matsubara","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2006.07.034","article-title":"Anticoagulant activity of marine green and brown algae collected from Jeju Island in Korea","volume":"98","author":"Athukorala","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2008.07.078","article-title":"Anti-HIV-1 activity of phloroglucinol derivative, 6,6\u2032-bieckol, from Ecklonia cava","volume":"16","author":"Artan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioorgan. Med. Chem"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-022X(01)00186-5","article-title":"Activity of Porphyridium sp. polysaccharide against herpes simplex viruses in vitro and in vivo","volume":"50","author":"Huheihel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2004.07.013","article-title":"Antioxidant activities of enzymatic extracts from brown seaweeds","volume":"96","author":"Heo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7001","DOI":"10.1021\/jf801133h","article-title":"Antioxidant effects of phlorotannins isolated from Ishige okamurae in free radical mediated oxidative systems","volume":"56","author":"Zou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12073","DOI":"10.1021\/jf802732n","article-title":"Anti-allergic effects of phlorotannins on histamine release via binding inhibition between IgE and Fc RI","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.04.013","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis by phloroglucinol derivative from Ecklonia cava in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells","volume":"47","author":"Kong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.3390\/md9050803","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of marine algae","volume":"9","author":"Pangestuti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1590\/S0001-37652002000100012","article-title":"Secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms","volume":"74","author":"Kelecom","year":"2002","journal-title":"An. Acad. Bras. Cienc"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JAPH.0000047783.36600.ef","article-title":"Medicinal and pharmaceutical uses of seaweeds natural products: a review","volume":"16","author":"Smit","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physcol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2006.08.018","article-title":"In vivo growth-inhibition of Sarcoma 180 tumor by alginates from brown seaweed Sargassum vulgare","volume":"69","author":"Sousa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2004.06.018","article-title":"Diterpenes from the brown algae Dictyota dichotoma and Dictyota linearis","volume":"65","author":"Siamopoulou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5333.1788","article-title":"Creating isoprenoid diversity","volume":"277","author":"Sacchettini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1039\/b002685i","article-title":"The biosynthesis of C5\u2013C25 terpenoid compounds","volume":"19","author":"Dewick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02703339","article-title":"An overview of the non-mevalonate pathway for terpenoid biosynthesis in plants","volume":"28","author":"Dubey","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biosci"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1159\/000074240","article-title":"Evidence for the mechanisms underlying the effects of pimaradienoic acid isolated from the roots of Viguiera arenaria on rat aorta","volume":"70","author":"Tirapelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.60.4.0007","article-title":"Pimaradienoic acid inhibits vascular contraction and induces hypotension in normotensive rats","volume":"60","author":"Tirapelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2010.05.018","article-title":"Hypotensive action of naturally occurring diterpenes: A therapeutic promise for the treatment of hypertension","volume":"81","author":"Tirapelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(01)00285-9","article-title":"Cardiovascular and diuretic activity of kaurene derivates of Xylopia aethiopica and Alepidea amatymbica","volume":"77","author":"Somova","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2006.01.009","article-title":"Calcium channel blockade as a target for the cardiovascular effects induced by the 8 (17), 12E, 14 labdatrien-18-oic acid (labdane-302)","volume":"44","author":"Oliveira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2008). Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142008 update. Circulation, 117, 125\u2013146.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.187998"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.5.581","article-title":"Prospects for cardiovascular research","volume":"285","author":"Lefkowits","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-695X2011005000119","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of monoterpenes: a review","volume":"21","author":"Santos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Farmacogn"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(85)90545-X","article-title":"Attenuation of baroreceptor reflex by general anesthetic agent in the normotensive rat","volume":"109","author":"Fluckiger","year":"1985","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"539","article-title":"Anesthetic effects on hemodynamics of spontaneously hypertensive on Wistar-Kyoto rats","volume":"238","author":"Smith","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"921","article-title":"Structure and function of small arteries","volume":"70","author":"Mulvany","year":"1990","journal-title":"Physiol. Res"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2008.12.013","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"84","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/288373a0","article-title":"The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine","volume":"288","author":"Furchgott","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704147","article-title":"Pharmacological evidence for the activation of potassium channels as the mechanism involved in the hypotensive and vasorelaxant effect of dioclein in rat small resistance arteries","volume":"133","author":"Rezende","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1139\/y06-028","article-title":"A systematic review of mechanisms by which natural products of plant origin evoke vasodilation","volume":"84","author":"McNeill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can. J. Phys. Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.09.024","article-title":"Ethanol extract of seeds of Oenothera odorata induces vasorelaxation via endothelium dependent NO-cGMP signaling through activation of Akt-eNOS-sGC pathway","volume":"133","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2010.05383.x","article-title":"Unravelling the cardiovascular effects induced by \u03b1-terpineol: A role for the nitric oxide\u2013cGMP pathway","volume":"37","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Phys"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/372231a0","article-title":"Signal transduction and regulation in smooth muscle","volume":"372","author":"Somlyo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.05.014","article-title":"2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate inhibits KCl-induced vascular smooth muscle contraction","volume":"541","author":"Ratz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2008.05035.x","article-title":"Non-L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels control vascular tone of the rat basilar artery","volume":"36","author":"Grayson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Phys"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2009.12.007","article-title":"Dietary salt enhances angiotensin-II-induced superoxide formation in the rostral ventrolateral medulla","volume":"155","author":"Braga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci Basic Clin"}],"container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/9\/10\/2075\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:57:47Z","timestamp":1760219867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/9\/10\/2075"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,24]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["md9102075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/md9102075","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-3397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-3397","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,24]]}}}