{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T11:12:18Z","timestamp":1785841938465,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: the main goal of the study was to investigate the prevalence of the articular cartilage defects (ACD) in the patellofemoral (PF) region of the knee joint based on the anatomical shapes of patella and its impact on the level of physical activity in the population needing arthroscopic procedures for all types of pathologies in the knee. Methods: The articular cartilage status of the PF region was obtained from 1098 arthroscopic procedures of the knee joint. The ACD were correlated to Wiberg\u2019s shape of the patella and classified according to the degree, size and depth of the ACD in the PF region using the ICRS (International Cartilage Repair Society) system: group I consisting of patients with Wiberg type I shape (W1), group II\u2014patients with Wiberg type II shape (W2) and group III\u2014patients with Wiberg type III shape (W3). The Tegner physical activity scale was used to evaluate the physical activity of the patients. Results: The mean of ACD size (PF region) in the W3 group was 3.10 \u00b1 0.99 cm2, which was a statistically significantly larger area in comparison with the W1 (1.90 \u00b1 0.63 cm2; p &lt; 0.0000) and W2 (1.95 \u00b1 0.71 cm2; p &lt; 0.0000). The patients from the W3 group (mean 3.10 \u00b1 0.99) were less physically active (&lt;4 Tegner) compared to the W2 group (mean of 4.48 \u00b1 0.88; p = 0.004) and W1 group (mean of 4.55 \u00b1 0.72; p = 0.002). Conclusions: The patients with the Wiberg type III patella shape had a higher incidence and larger size of ACD in the PF of the knee compared to the groups of Wiberg type I and II. Wiberg III patients with a lower level of physical activity had a larger size of ACD in the PF joint.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina54020021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T03:22:45Z","timestamp":1524626565000},"page":"21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Patello-Femoral Joint Degeneration and the Shape of the Patella in the Population Needing an Arthroscopic Procedure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Rimtautas","family":"Gudas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"},{"name":"Sports Trauma and Arthroscopic Unit of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laimonas","family":"\u0160iup\u0161inskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agn\u0117","family":"Gudait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3897-9504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladas","family":"Vansevi\u010dius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vilnius University Observatory, Ciurlionio 29, LT-03100 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgaras","family":"Stankevi\u010dius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredas","family":"Smailys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Trauma and Arthroscopic Unit of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akvil\u0117","family":"Vilkyt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasa","family":"Simonaityt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem114","article-title":"Patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis: An important subgroup of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"46","author":"Hinman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21148","article-title":"Association of cartilage defects with loss of knee cartilage in healthy, middle-age adults: A prospective study","volume":"52","author":"Cicuttini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.07.003","article-title":"A knee brace alters patella position in patellofemoral osteoarthritis: A study using weight bearing magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"24","author":"Callaghan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4103-4","article-title":"Early osteoarthritis of the patellofemoral joint","volume":"24","author":"Arendt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.09.021","article-title":"Radiographic progression of knee osteoarthritis is associated with MRI abnormalities in both the patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joint","volume":"24","author":"Bijsterbosch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.5792\/ksrr.2016.28.1.75","article-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Small Patella Syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3385-7","article-title":"Association between patellar cartilage defects and patellofemoral geometry: A matched-pair MRI comparison of patients with and without isolated patellar cartilage defects","volume":"24","author":"Mehl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-1884-y","article-title":"Radiographic parameters associated with lateral patella degeneration in young patients","volume":"20","author":"Noehren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"187","article-title":"Chondromalacia and recurrent subluxation of the patella: A study of malalignment, with some indications for radiography","volume":"5","author":"Aglietti","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ital. J. Orthop. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(97)90124-9","article-title":"Cartilage injuries: A review of 31,516 knee arthroscopies","volume":"13","author":"Curl","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2002.32839","article-title":"Articular cartilage defects in 1000 knee arthroscopies","volume":"18","author":"Hjelle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658010-00001","article-title":"Chondromalacia Patellae. A prospective study","volume":"58","author":"Insall","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. Vol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198509000-00011","article-title":"A perspective of lesions associated with ACL insufficiency of the knee. A review of 100 cases","volume":"198","author":"Indelicato","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197557080-00015","article-title":"Patella alta and patella infera. Their etiological role in patellar dislocation, chondromalacia, and apophysitis of the tibial tubercle","volume":"57","author":"Lancourt","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. Vol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1329-4","article-title":"Patellar shape can be a predisposing factor in patellar instability","volume":"19","author":"Panni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503259345","article-title":"Articular cartilage lesions in 993 consecutive knee arthroscopies","volume":"32","author":"Aroen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.03.010","article-title":"The relationship between the angle of the trochlear groove and patella cartilage and bone morphology\u2014A cross-sectional study of healthy adults","volume":"15","author":"Teichtahl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00420322","article-title":"The influence of subchondral vascularisation on chondromalacia patellae","volume":"115","author":"Neusel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-004-0589-2","article-title":"Internal derangements of the knee associated with patellofemoral joint degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Christoforakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2014.01.012","article-title":"The association of patellofemoral joint morphology with chondromalacia patella: A quantitative MRI analysis","volume":"38","author":"Tuna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-013-1664-x","article-title":"Association of trochlear dysplasia with degenerative abnormalities in the knee: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative","volume":"42","author":"Jungmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"605","article-title":"Study of the patellar apex in objective patellar dislocation","volume":"89","author":"Servien","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev. Chir. Orthopedique Reparatrice Appar. Mot."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603510391084","article-title":"ICRS Recommendation Document: Patient-Reported Outcome Instruments for Use in Patients with Articular Cartilage Defects","volume":"2","author":"Roos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"153","article-title":"Patellar shape and degenerative changes in the femoro-patellar joint","volume":"29","author":"Brattstrom","year":"1959","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Scand."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199403000-00004","article-title":"Which factors predict outcome in the nonoperative treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome? A prospective follow-up study","volume":"26","author":"Kannus","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/54\/2\/21\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:02:01Z","timestamp":1760194921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/54\/2\/21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina54020021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina54020021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]}}}