{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T20:49:02Z","timestamp":1762980542083,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]],"date-time":"2018-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: A functionally univentricular heart is the term used to describe congenital heart defects where it is impossible to restore two pumping chambers. These lesions are associated with high mortality, morbidity, and medical resource utilization. The aim of this study was to review incidence and outcomes of patients with a functionally univentricular heart at the only pediatric cardiac surgery center in Latvia. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of medical records of (i) all children with a functionally univentricular heart treated at the Clinic of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, and (ii) all prenatally diagnosed cases of univentricular heart at Children\u2019s Clinical University Hospital in Latvia. We reviewed data regarding children born from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2015. The children\u2019s cardiac anatomy and interventions were categorized in accordance with the International Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Code (v3.3). Results: During the study period, 49 patients with a functionally univentricular heart were admitted to Children\u2019s Clinical University Hospital with a corrected incidence of 0.69 per 1000 live births per year. There were 26 patients that had a hypoplastic left ventricle, and 22 patients that had a hypoplastic right ventricle, while one patient had an indeterminate ventricle. Thirty (61.2%) patients had died by the end of data collection. Twenty-one of the 30 deaths occurred before or immediately after stage I surgical palliation. Cumulative neonatal and 5-year survival of patients with a hypoplastic right ventricle was 81.8% and 63.6%, respectively; for patients with hypoplastic left ventricle\u201446.2% and 17.3%, respectively. Discussion: This is the first mid-term outcome study of patients with a univentricular heart in Latvia. The high mortality reflects the challenges of a small-volume, developing congenital cardiac surgery center. Data from this study will be used as a baseline for quality improvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina54030044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]],"date-time":"2018-06-11T11:01:01Z","timestamp":1528714861000},"page":"44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Incidence and Outcomes of Patients with Functionally Univentricular Heart Born in Latvia, 2007 to 2015"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Katrina","family":"Rutka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inguna","family":"Lubaua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Riga Stradins University, Latvia, Vienibas Gatve 45, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Clinic for Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Children\u2019s Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia, Vienibas Gatve 45, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"Ligere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Riga Stradins University, Latvia, Vienibas Gatve 45, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Clinic for Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Children\u2019s Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia, Vienibas Gatve 45, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Smildzere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children\u2019s Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia, Vienibas Gatve 45, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valts","family":"Ozolins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Children\u2019s Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia, Vienibas Gatve 45, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5098-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reinis","family":"Balmaks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Skills and Medical Technology Department, Riga Stradins University, Latvia, Anninmuizas bulvaris 26a, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Children\u2019s Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia, Vienibas Gatve 45, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01886-7","article-title":"The incidence of congenital heart disease","volume":"39","author":"Hoffman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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