{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:01:37Z","timestamp":1760241697588,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]],"date-time":"2018-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), is acute renal damage due to contrast agents. This study is conducted to evaluate serum and renal heterodimeric nuclear transcription factor (HIF)-2 alpha levels and its tissue expression in contrast-induced nephropathy, and in N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)-and Sildenafil-treated rat models. Materials\/Methods: This randomized, controlled, interventional animal study was conducted on Wistar rats. Rats (n = 36) were randomly assigned to four groups: control (n = 9), CIN group (n = 9), CIN + NAC group (n = 9), and sildenafil (n = 9). The rat model was used to form iohexol-originated CIN. During the modeling, prophylactic treatment was performed at the 24th and 48th h. After 48 h of modeling, blood, urine, and tissue samples were obtained for biochemical analyses. HIF-2-\u03b1 levels were measured in renal tissue, serum, and urine samples. Renal sections were also performed for histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluations of renal injury and HIF-2-\u03b1 expression. Results: In the CIN model, HIF-2\u03b1 levels and other biochemical parameters were significantly increased (p &lt; 0.01). Both sildenafil and NAC efficiently decreased renal damage due to contrast agents, as shown in histopathologic examinations (p &lt; 0.05). Similarly, after treatment with sildenafil and NAC, HIF-2\u03b1 levels were significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The current study shows that serum and tissue HIF-2\u03b1 levels decrease in CIN. Besides, the levels and tissue expression of HIF-2\u03b1 decrease with both NAC and sildenafil treatments. With further studies, HIF-2\u03b1 can be investigated as a biomarker of CIN and can be used in the follow-up of patients with CIN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina54040054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]],"date-time":"2018-07-30T11:55:08Z","timestamp":1532951708000},"page":"54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Serum and Tissue HIF-2 Alpha Expression in CIN, N-Acetyl Cysteine, and Sildenafil-Treated Rat Models: An Experimental Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9043-7369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismail","family":"Altintop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, 38010 Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5907-9161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Tatli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, 38010 Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cigdem","family":"Karakukcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, 38010 Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeynep","family":"Soyer Sarica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimantal Research Center, Erciyes University, 38010 Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arzu","family":"Han\u0131m Yay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Erciyes, 38010 Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1474-0432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esra","family":"Balcioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Erciyes, 38010 Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7130-5624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"Ozturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, 38010 Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003968","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.003968","article-title":"Effectiveness of N-Acetylcysteine for the Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"5","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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