{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T02:33:40Z","timestamp":1793846020965,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and objectives: Video-capsule endoscopy (VCE) has shown a large range (38\u201383%) of diagnostic yield in unexplained iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and obscure-occult bleeding. Therefore, we retrospectively investigated the VCE-detected spectrum and the prevalence of small bowel injuries and associated risk factors in inpatients with both of the above reported conditions. Methods: We selected inpatients with IDA (hemoglobin &lt;12 g\/dL in women, &lt;13 g\/dL in men) and obscure-occult bleeding. We excluded VCE indications other than IDA. Complete medical histories and laboratory tests were collected. All subjects underwent PillCam SB2\/SB3. The VCE feature Lewis score was calculated when appropriate. We used the t-test and Fisher\u2019s exact test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively, in univariate analysis. For multivariate analysis, we used binomial logistic regression. Results: We retrieved 109 patients (female:male ratio of 53:56; age 63.4 \u00b1 18.9 years). Eighty patients (73.4%) showed \u22651 small bowel lesions. The Lewis score was calculated in 41 patients: 13 (31.7%) showed a mild (&lt;135) and 28 (68.3%) a moderate-severe (135\u2013790 and &gt;790, respectively) score. In univariate analysis, the small bowel transit time (6.2 \u00b1 2.9 versus 5.2 \u00b1 2.1 h; p = 0.049) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use for at least two weeks (17.5% versus 0%; p = 0.01) were significantly higher in subjects with injuries. These associations were not confirmed at multivariate analysis. The severity of a lesion directly correlated with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and duration (not confirmed in multivariate analysis). VCE can reveal the source of obscure-occult bleeding in a high percentage of unexplained IDAs. A wide spectrum of endoscopic pictures may be found. Known as well as supposed risk factors for small bowel lesions may be detected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55030059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T11:41:03Z","timestamp":1551267663000},"page":"59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Spectrum of Small Intestinal Lesions in Patients with Unexplained Iron Deficiency Anemia Detected by Video Capsule Endoscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Antonella","family":"Contaldo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7038-3287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Losurdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Albano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Iannone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8284-5127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enzo","family":"Ierardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2026-1200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Di Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariabeatrice","family":"Principi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"C5072","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of unexplained anemia with iron deficiency without overt bleeding","volume":"62","author":"Dahlerup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dan. 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