{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T06:58:52Z","timestamp":1777100332866,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]],"date-time":"2019-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005001","name":"Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B-9569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B-9569"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and objectives: Zingerone is an ingredient of ginger (Zingiber officinale) with different pharmacological activities. Several studies have investigated the effect of zingerone on various gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome and diarrhea. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of zingerone on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Materials and Methods: Gastric ulcers were induced by ethanol (96%, 5 mL\/kg, po) in male wistar rats and zingerone (50, 100, and 200 mg\/kg) was administrated orally. Normal saline and ranitidine were used as negative and positive control, respectively. In this study, the number and length of ulcers, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in stomach tissues were determined. Results: The findings showed that the mean number and length of gastric ulcers were significantly lower in zingerone-received groups than ethanol group (P &lt; 0.05). The level of malondialdehyde was decreased in the stomach of zingerone groups (P &lt; 0.05) compared to the ethanol group. In addition, zingerone treatment prevented the decrease of nitric oxide level by ethanol in the stomach tissue. Conclusions: The present study showed that zingerone has a protective effect on the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer, which may be due to its free radical scavenging activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55030064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T03:49:31Z","timestamp":1552362571000},"page":"64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Gastroprotective Effect of Zingerone on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Neda","family":"Sistani Karampour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ardeshir","family":"Arzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7430-6211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anahita","family":"Rezaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 6135783151, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Pashmforoosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Kordi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules14030979","article-title":"Flavonoids with Gastroprotective Activity","volume":"14","author":"Dias","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Kumar, V., Abbas, A.K., and Aster, J.C. (2017). Robbins Basic Pathology E-Book, Elsevier Health Sciences."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2003.09.036","article-title":"Anti-Ulcer and Antioxidant Activity of Dhc-1, A Herbal Formulation","volume":"90","author":"Bafna","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200724080-00005","article-title":"Direct Medical Costs of Serious Gastrointestinal Ulcers among Users of Nsaids","volume":"24","author":"Vonkeman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2624","article-title":"Antiulcerogenic Activity of the Essential Oil of Baccharis Dracunculifolia on Different Experimental Models in Rats","volume":"23","author":"Massignani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2002000500003","article-title":"Antioxidant Properties of Natural Compounds Used in Popular Medicine for Gastric Ulcers","volume":"35","author":"Repetto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"278","article-title":"Effect of Dry Ginger and Roasted Ginger on Experimental Gastric Ulcers in Rats","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"1990","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.4103\/0250-474X.58195","article-title":"Protective Effect of Ginger Oil on Aspirin and Pylorus Ligation-Induced Gastric Ulcer Model in Rats","volume":"71","author":"Khushtar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"11","article-title":"Protective Effects of Ginger Against Aspirin-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Yonago Acta Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816364","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/816364","article-title":"A Review on Pharmacological Properties of Zingerone (4-(4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxyphenyl)-2-Butanone)","volume":"2015","author":"Ahmad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(84)90033-4","article-title":"Antioxidant Actions of Thymol, Carvacrol, 6-Gingerol, Zingerone and Hydroxytyrosol","volume":"32","author":"Aeschbach","year":"1994","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7617","DOI":"10.1021\/jf051014x","article-title":"Zingerone as an Antioxidant Against Peroxynitrite","volume":"53","author":"Shin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2013.10.007","article-title":"Zingerone Regulates Intestinal Transit, Attenuates Behavioral and Oxidative Perturbations in Irritable Bowel Disorder in Rats","volume":"21","author":"Banji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(97)00054-8","article-title":"Antiemetic Efficacy of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Against Cisplatin-Induced Emesis in Dogs","volume":"57","author":"Sharma","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-010-0463-0","article-title":"Inhibitory Effects of Zingerone, A Pungent Component of Zingiber Officinale Roscoe, on Colonic Motility in Rats","volume":"65","author":"Iwami","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.07.124","article-title":"Ginger Extract and Zingerone Ameliorated Trinitrobenzene Sulphonic Acid-Induced Colitis in Mice Via Modulation of Nuclear Factor-\u039ab Activity and Interleukin-1\u03b2 Signalling Pathway","volume":"136","author":"Hsiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2009.07.009","article-title":"Bioassay-Guided Isolation of an Anti-Ulcer Chromene from Eupatorium Aschenbornianum: Role of Nitric Oxide, Prostaglandins and Sulfydryls","volume":"81","author":"Arrieta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2502","article-title":"Mechanisms of Gastroprotective Effect of Eugenol in Indomethacin-Induced Ulcer in Rats","volume":"22","author":"Morsy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.01.015","article-title":"Protective Effects of Friedelin Isolated from Azima tetracantha Lam. Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats and Possible Underlying Mechanisms","volume":"750","author":"Antonisamy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2474831","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2474831","article-title":"Nephroprotective Effect of Zingerone Against Ccl4-Induced Renal Toxicity in Swiss Albino Mice: Molecular Mechanism","volume":"2018","author":"Safhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.4149\/gpb_2015041","article-title":"Hepatoprotective Potential of Zingerone against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats Fed with Fructose-Enriched Diet","volume":"35","author":"Narayanan","year":"2016","journal-title":"General Physiol. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.10.018","article-title":"Gastroprotective and Ulcer Healing Effect of Ferruginol in Mice and Rats: Assessment of Its Mechanism of Action Using in vitro Models","volume":"78","author":"Theoduloz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.84437","article-title":"Role of Phenolic Compounds in Peptic Ulcer: An Overview","volume":"3","author":"Sumbul","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arab, H.H., Salama, S.A., Omar, H.A., Arafa, E.-S.A., and Maghrabi, I.A. (2015). Diosmin Protects against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Injury in Rats: Novel Anti-Ulcer Actions. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122417"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2015.01.015","article-title":"Gastroprotective Effect of Crocin in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Injury in Rats","volume":"229","author":"Rizk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem.-Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"97","article-title":"Anti-Ulcerogenic Effect of Ginger (Rhizome of Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) on Cystemine Induced Duodenal Ulcer in Rats","volume":"14","author":"Minaiyan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Daru J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00040.2012","article-title":"Oxidative Stress: An Essential Factor in the Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal Mucosal Diseases","volume":"94","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"226","article-title":"Gastroprotective Effect of Phyllanthus Niruri Leaf Extract against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats","volume":"4","author":"Abdulla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvarez-Suarez, J.M., Dekanski, D., Risti\u0107, S., Radonji\u0107, N.V., Petronijevi\u0107, N.D., Giampieri, F., Astolfi, P., Gonz\u00e1lez-Param\u00e1s, A.M., Santos-Buelga, C., and Tulipani, S. (2011). Strawberry Polyphenols Attenuate Ethanol-Induced Gastric Lesions in Rats by Activation of Antioxidant Enzymes and Attenuation of Mda Increase. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025878"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2012.04.009","article-title":"Protective Effect of L-Citrulline Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.02.002","article-title":"Protective Effect of Zingerone, A Dietary Compound against Radiation Induced Genetic Damage and Apoptosis in Human Lymphocytes","volume":"657","author":"Rao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.21683","article-title":"Antihyperlipidaemic, Antihypertrophic, and Reducing Effects of Zingerone on Experimentally Induced Myocardial Infarcted Rats","volume":"29","author":"Hemalatha","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.21668","article-title":"Preventive Effects of Zingerone on Altered Lipid Peroxides and Nonenzymatic Antioxidants in the Circulation of Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarcted Rats","volume":"29","author":"Hemalatha","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.09.012","article-title":"Coenzyme Q10: A Novel Gastroprotective Effect Via Modulation of Vascular Permeability, Prostaglandin E2, Nitric Oxide and Redox Status in Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer Model","volume":"649","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(93)90997-V","article-title":"Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase Delays Healing of Chronic Gastric Ulcers","volume":"239","author":"Konturek","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90341-0","article-title":"A Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Accelerates Gastric Ulcer Healing in Rats","volume":"109","author":"Elliott","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/55\/3\/64\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:37:53Z","timestamp":1760186273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/55\/3\/64"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina55030064"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina55030064","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]]}}}