{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T03:54:22Z","timestamp":1794542062916,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fungal infections are a subset of infectious processes that an otolaryngologist is required to be familiar with. They can be encountered in otology, rhinology and head and neck surgery. The presence of fungal rhinosinusitis is well recognised by otolaryngologists, but the classifications and appropriate management are not so well understood. The prevalence of fungal sinus disease is thought to be have been increasing in recent decades There is speculation that this may be due to increased awareness, antibiotic overuse and increased use of immunosuppressant medications. Added to this, there has been a large amount published on the role of fungi as a causative organism in chronic rhinosinusitis. Given the importance of fungal rhinosinusitis in clinical practice, we aim to review the classification and current management strategies based on up-to-date literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55070319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T11:20:26Z","timestamp":1561720826000},"page":"319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":194,"title":["Invasive and Non-Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis\u2014A Review and Update of the Evidence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Peter George","family":"Deutsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Whittaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shashi","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, C.C., Incaudo, G.A., and Gershwin, M.E. 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