{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T16:27:58Z","timestamp":1790440078078,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and objective: Often micronutrient deficiencies cannot be detected when patient is already following a long-term gluten-free diet with good compliance (LTGFDWGC). The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the most recent literature that considers blood micronutrient deficiencies in LTGFDWGC subjects, in order to prepare dietary supplementation advice (DSA). Materials and methods: A research strategy was planned on PubMed by defining the following keywords: celiac disease, vitamin B12, iron, folic acid, and vitamin D. Results: This review included 73 studies. The few studies on micronutrient circulating levels in long-term gluten-free diet (LTGFD) patients over 2 years with good compliance demonstrated that deficiency was detected in up to: 30% of subjects for vitamin B12 (DSA: 1000 mcg\/day until level is normal, then 500 mcg), 40% for iron (325 mg\/day), 20% for folic acid (1 mg\/day for 3 months, followed by 400\u2013800 mcg\/day), 25% for vitamin D (1000 UI\/day or more-based serum level or 50,000 UI\/week if level is &lt;20 ng\/mL), 40% for zinc (25\u201340 mg\/day), 3.6% of children for calcium (1000\u20131500 mg\/day), 20% for magnesium (200\u2013300 mg\/day); no data is available in adults for magnesium. Conclusions: If integration with diet is not enough, starting with supplements may be the correct way, after evaluating the initial blood level to determine the right dosage of supplementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55070337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T11:14:49Z","timestamp":1562152489000},"page":"337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Micronutrients Dietary Supplementation Advices for Celiac Patients on Long-Term Gluten-Free Diet with Good Compliance: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8336-4851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariangela","family":"Rondanelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milena A.","family":"Faliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona \u201cIstituto Santa Margherita\u201d, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1088-6648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Gasparri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona \u201cIstituto Santa Margherita\u201d, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1632-1787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella","family":"Peroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona \u201cIstituto Santa Margherita\u201d, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Naso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona \u201cIstituto Santa Margherita\u201d, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Picciotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona \u201cIstituto Santa Margherita\u201d, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Unit, Indena, 20139 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Nichetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona \u201cIstituto Santa Margherita\u201d, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8172-5182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittoria","family":"Infantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bari, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7693-4542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tariq A.","family":"Alalwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus P. O. Box 32038, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2720-1473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Perna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus P. O. Box 32038, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0","article-title":"European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease","volume":"54","author":"Husby","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. 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