{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T16:29:22Z","timestamp":1780676962197,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]],"date-time":"2019-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007771","name":"\u015al\u0105ski Uniwersytet Medyczny","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KNW-1-088\/N\/7\/0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KNW-1-088\/N\/7\/0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Topically administered antiglaucoma medications, especially those containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC), may cause local adverse effects and compromise ocular surface. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of topical prostaglandin F2\u03b1 analogs (PGAs): preservative-free latanoprost, BAC-preserved latanoprost, preservative-free tafluprost, and BAC-preserved bimatoprost, on selected oxidative stress parameters in the tear film. Materials and Methods: The patients were divided into five groups: group C (n = 25) control group\u2014subjects who did not use topical antiglaucoma medications, group L (n = 22)\u2014patients using topical preservative-free latanoprost, group L+BAC (n = 25)\u2014patients using topical BAC-preserved latanoprost, group T (n = 19)\u2014patients using topical preservative-free tafluprost, and group B+BAC (n = 17)\u2014patients using topical BAC-preserved bimatoprost. The oxidative stress markers in the tear film samples were evaluated: total protein (TP) concentration, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) content, total sulfhydryl (-SH) groups content, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Total Antioxidant Response (TAR), and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI). Results: The TP concentrations in the groups L, L+BAC, and B+BAC were statistically significantly higher in comparison with group C. The SOD and CAT activities in the groups L+BAC and B+BAC were statistically significantly higher when compared to group C. As compared to group C, AOPP and TOS were statistically significantly higher in all the study groups. OSI was found to be statistically significantly higher in the groups L+BAC, T, and B+BAC in comparison with group C. Conclusion: Use of topical PGAs by the patients with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma is associated with increased oxidative stress in the tear film which is additionally exacerbated by the presence of BAC in the formulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55070366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]],"date-time":"2019-07-11T11:28:28Z","timestamp":1562844508000},"page":"366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effect of Topical Prostaglandin F2\u03b1 Analogs on Selected Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Tear Film"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7763-7753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lech","family":"Sedlak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-514 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kornel Gibi\u0144ski University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-514 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7231-0505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Zych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3013-7564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weronika","family":"Wojnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Wygl\u0119dowska-Promie\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-514 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kornel Gibi\u0144ski University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-514 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2017). 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