{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T19:56:00Z","timestamp":1793735760968,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,10]],"date-time":"2019-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Cow\u2019s milk protein allergy (CMA) is the most common allergy in children. The natural history of CMA is generally favorable and the majority of children reach tolerance during childhood, even if studies show variable results. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease from an immunological point of view. It is characterized by an impaired skin barrier function and is often the first clinical manifestation of the so-called \u201catopic march\u201d. The aim of our study is to evaluate, in a cohort of children with CMA, if the presence of AD in the first months of life can influence the atopic status of patients, the tolerance acquisition to cow\u2019s milk, the level of specific IgE (sIgE), and the sensitization towards food and\/or inhalant allergens. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 100 children with a diagnosis of CMA referred to our Pediatric Allergology Unit, aged 1\u201324 months at the time of the first visit. Results: 71 children had AD and 29 did not. The mean follow-up was 5.28 years. The CMA manifestations were mainly cutaneous, especially in children with AD (91.6% vs. 51.7%; P &lt; 0.001). Patients with AD showed higher rates of polysensitization to foods and higher levels of both total IgE and sIgE for milk, casein, wheat, peanuts, and cat dander at different ages when compared to patients without AD. We analyzed the presence of IgE sensitization for the main foods and inhalants at various ages in the two groups of patients: a statistically significant difference emerged in the two groups of patients for milk, yolk and egg white, hazelnut, peanuts, soybean, grass pollen and cat dander. Meanwhile, we did not find significant differences in terms of tolerance acquisition toward cow\u2019s milk, which was nonetheless reached around 5 years of age in 61% of patients. The level of cow\u2019s milk sIgE at the age of 5 years was significantly higher in the group of patients who did not acquire tolerance (38.38 vs. 5.22 kU\/L; P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: An early barrier deficiency appears to promote the development of allergic sensitization, but does not seem to influence the acquisition of tolerance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55080460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]],"date-time":"2019-08-12T06:38:02Z","timestamp":1565591882000},"page":"460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Influence of Atopic Dermatitis on Cow\u2019s Milk Allergy in Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8243-9727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"Giannetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2229-5263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Cipriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8854-3821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Indio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cGiorgio Prodi\u201d Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcella","family":"Gallucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Caffarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giampaolo","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(86)80384-5","article-title":"Manifestations of milk allergy in infancy: Clinical and immunologic findings","volume":"109","author":"Hill","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. 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