{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T11:35:31Z","timestamp":1765280131501,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Perineal groove is a well-defined clinical entity that belongs to a broader group of anorectal malformations. It is characterized by a non-epithelialized mucous membrane that appears as an erythematous sulcus in the perineal midline, extending from the posterior vaginal fourchette to the anterior anal orifice. The defect is gradually cicatrized, unless there are complications like infection, defecation disorders, trauma, and bleeding. The differential diagnosis includes several other conditions like trauma, infection, irritant dermatitis, lichen sclerosis, and ulcerated hemangioma. Since it is a rare malformation, it is often misdiagnosed and its presence often elicits unnecessary diagnostic workup and intervention. In this respect, neonatologists, dermatologists, or pediatric surgeons may under- or overestimate it. We report four cases of perineal groove out of 2250 live births at a Greek Maternity Hospital between September 2016 and April 2019. The \u201chigh\u201d incidence of perineal groove cases in our Department allowed us to familiarize with this rare defect and minimize our clinical interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55080488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T11:11:00Z","timestamp":1565867460000},"page":"488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Four Cases of Perineal Groove\u2014Experience of a Greek Maternity Hospital"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Theodora","family":"Boutsikou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Mougiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9972-8901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rozeta","family":"Sokou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, \u201cAgios Panteleimon\u201d, General Hospital of Nikaia, 18454 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Kollia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Kafalidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic, \u201cAgios Panteleimon\u201d General Hospital of Nikaia, 18454 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoi","family":"Iliodromiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Salakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, \u201cAttikon\u201d Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Iacovidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e30","article-title":"Perineal groove: A rare congenital midline defect of perineum","volume":"6","author":"Harsono","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.4613","article-title":"Perineal groove: A report of 2 cases","volume":"150","author":"Diaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1968.tb00685.x","article-title":"The female anus, perineum and vestibule: Embryogenesis and deformities","volume":"8","author":"Stephens","year":"1968","journal-title":"Aust. NZJ Obstet. Gynaec."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263e","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2011.02.011","article-title":"Current trends in the management of pediatric patients with perineal groove","volume":"24","author":"Esposito","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Adolesc. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922810392776","article-title":"Newborn female with a midline perineal defect","volume":"51","author":"Siruguppa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2010.03.005","article-title":"Embryology of anorectal malformations","volume":"19","author":"Kluth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2010.01320.x","article-title":"Perineal groove\u2014A case report","volume":"27","author":"Verma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20855","article-title":"Perineal groove: A rare congenital abnormality of failure of fusion of the perineal raphe and discussion of its embryological origin","volume":"22","author":"Sekaran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. 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