{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T09:55:03Z","timestamp":1792662903399,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]],"date-time":"2019-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The morphopathogenesis of adhesions is a complex process, characterized by the accumulation of an extracellular matrix, inflammation and hypoxia. The regulatory role between morphopathogenic factors in adhesions has not yet been defined. The aim was to investigate the appearance of transforming growth factor beta (TGF\u03b2), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), chromogranin A (CgA), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1\u03b1), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-7 (IL-7), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u03b1), matrix metaloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metaloproteinase-2 tissue inhibitor (TIMP-2) in intraabdominal adhesions. Materials and Methods: The study material was obtained from 49 patients under one year of age with total or partial bowel obstruction. All factors were detected using immunohistochemistry methods and their relative distribution was evaluated by means of the semiquantitative counting method. Results: Intraabdominal adhesions are characterized by increased TGF\u03b2, FGFR1 and decreased FGF-2, PGP 9.5, IL-1, IL-4, IL-8, TIMP-2 findings. The most significant changes observed were the remodulation of the extracellular matrix, promotion of neoangiogenesis and the maintenance of a prolonged inflammation. Conclusions: The increase in TGF\u03b2, as well as the disbalance between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 proves an increased fibrosis in intraabdominal adhesions. Less detected FGF-2 and more prominent FGR1 findings points out a compensatory receptor stimulation in response to the lacking same factor. The decrease in PGP 9.5 indicate hypoxic injury and proves the stimulation of neoangiogenesis. An unpronounced IL-1 and marked IL-10 finding indicate the local tissue protection reaction, the decrease in IL-4 could be the direct cause of giant cells, but the decrease of IL-8 could confirm a delayed chemotaxis of inflammatory cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55090556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T03:16:12Z","timestamp":1567394172000},"page":"556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Morphopathogenetic Aspects of Intraabdominal Adhesions in Children under One Year of Age"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6650-483X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Junga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Anatomy and Anthropology, R\u012bga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, Riga LV-1010, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9804-4666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u0101ra","family":"Pilmane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Anatomy and Anthropology, R\u012bga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, Riga LV-1010, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zane","family":"\u0100bola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, R\u012bga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, Riga LV-1010, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olafs","family":"Volr\u0101ts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, R\u012bga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, Riga LV-1010, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578691","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/578691","article-title":"The effect of antivascular endothelial growth factor on the development of adhesion formation in laparotomizes rats: Experimental study","volume":"2011","author":"Basbug","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. 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