{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:43:45Z","timestamp":1784547825528,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,29]],"date-time":"2019-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and objecives: Adverse cardiovascular outcomes during pregnancy have increased over the past few decades, with increased numbers of women delivering later in their reproductive life. Other factors include higher rates of female obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and assisted reproductive technology, which has extended fertility. Those at risk require extensive prenatal maternal screening, constant pregnancy supervising, monitoring during labor, delivery and puerperium and careful anesthetic evaluation during delivery. Materials and Methods: The present review reports the relevant information available on cardiovascular outcomes in advanced maternal age delivering women and related medico-legal issues. The search was performed on Pubmed, Cochrane, Semantic Scholar, Medline and Embase databases, accessed by Ovid, including among others the terms \u201ccardiomyopathy\u201d, \u201cischaemic heart disease\u201d, \u201carrhythmias\u201d, \u201chypertension\u201d, \u201cperipartum period\u201d, \u201cdiabetes\u201d, \u201cadvanced maternal age\u201d \u201canesthesia\u201d, \u201cmaternal morbidity and mortality\u201d and \u201clitigation\u201d. Results: To the extent that underestimating risk factors for peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) can adversely impact maternal and fetal outcomes, the legal implications of misdiagnosis or mismanagement can result in high compensatory damages. Substantial indemnity payments drive up costs of insurance coverage. Conclusions: Multidisciplinary approaches are necessary from obstetricians, cardiologists, anesthesiologists and perinatologists for pregnancy monitoring and delivery outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55100658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]],"date-time":"2019-09-30T05:58:33Z","timestamp":1569823113000},"page":"658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Cardiovascular Outcomes in Advanced Maternal Age Delivering Women. Clinical Review and Medico-Legal Issues"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"De Viti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Santa Maria Hospital, GVM Care &amp; Research, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Malvasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santa Maria Hospital, GVM Care &amp; Research, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Busard\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Legal Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60120 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8352-7219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Analgesia, Santa Maria Hospital, GVM Care &amp; Research, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Zaami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Forensic Toxicology (UoFT), Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Marinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Forensic Toxicology (UoFT), Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.09.037","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in very advanced maternal age pregnancies: The impact of assisted reproductive technology","volume":"103","author":"Jackson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil. 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