{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T07:55:50Z","timestamp":1769759750612,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and objectives: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) can be used as a respiratory support strategy for patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). However, no clear evidence exists to support or oppose HFNC use in immunocompromised patients. Thus, this meta-analysis aims to assess the effects of HFNC, compared to conventional oxygen therapy (COT) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV), on the outcomes in immunocompromised patients with ARF. The Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched up to November 2018. Materials and Methods: Only clinical studies comparing the effect of HFNC with COT or NIV for immunocompromised patients with ARF were included. The outcome included the rate of intubation, mortality and length of stay (LOS). Results: A total of eight studies involving 1433 immunocompromised patients with ARF were enrolled. The pooled analysis showed that HFNC was significantly associated with a reduced intubation rate (risk ratio (RR), 0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74\u20130.94, I2 = 0%). Among subgroup analysis, HFNC was associated with a lower intubation rate than COT (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75\u20130.95, I2 = 0%) and NIV (RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40\u20130.86, I2 = 0%), respectively. However, there was no significant difference between HFNC and control groups in terms of 28-day mortality (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.58\u20131.04, I2 = 48%), and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.73\u20131.05, I2 = 57%). The ICU and hospital LOS were similar between HFNC and control groups (ICU LOS: mean difference, 0.49 days; 95% CI, \u22120.25\u20131.23, I2 = 69%; hospital LOS: mean difference, \u22120.12 days; 95% CI, \u22121.86\u20131.61, I2 = 64%). Conclusions: Use of HFNC may decrease the intubation rate in immunocompromised patients with ARF compared with the control group, including COT and NIV. However, HFNC could not provide additional survival benefit or shorten the LOS. Further large, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55100693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T04:46:06Z","timestamp":1571287566000},"page":"693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Impact of High-Flow Nasal Cannula on the Outcome of Immunocompromised Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3732-2199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Chin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisin of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shen-Peng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yijia Pharmacy, Tainan 70846, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Jhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Chiali 72263, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Yen","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying 73657, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6334-2388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Cheng","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tainan Branch, Tainan 71051, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien-Ming","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying 73657, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62038-9","article-title":"Global surveillance of cancer survival 1995\u20132009: Analysis of individual data for 25 676 887 patients from 279 population-based registries in 67 countries (CONCORD-2)","volume":"385","author":"Allemani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33326-3","article-title":"Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000\u201314 (CONCORD-3): Analysis of individual records for 37 513 025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries","volume":"391","author":"Allemani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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