{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:11:30Z","timestamp":1789499490969,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of oxidative stress before and after breast cancer surgery. Materials and Methods: Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was tested using a thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay based on the release of a color complex due to TBA reaction with MDA. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was evaluated by enzymatic conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The level of total glutathione (reduced GSH and oxidized GSSG) was detected using a recycling system by 5,5-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). The levels of the indices were determined in the serum of 52 patients before surgery, two hours and five days after surgery, and in 42 healthy women. Results: In the patients over 50 years old the level of MDA was higher after surgery in comparison with before surgery, and GST activity was lower in comparison with the control. The GSH + GSSG level in both ages groups after surgery was lower than in the control. Significant differences of MDA level were detected in patients with stage III after surgery compared to the control. The level of GSH + GSSG was significantly lower in the patients with I\u2013III stages compared to the control. Conclusion: The most expressed changes demonstrate the significance of MDA as a marker to evaluate oxidative stress in breast cancer patients. The degree of oxidative stress depends on the patient\u2019s age and stage of disease. (1) Malondialdehyde can be used as an oxidative stress marker; (2) A higher stage of the disease and older age correspond to a higher rise of malondialdehyde, suggesting more intensive oxidative stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56020070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T09:25:21Z","timestamp":1581413121000},"page":"70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Oxidant\/Antioxidant Status of Breast Cancer Patients in Pre- and Post-Operative Periods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Janina","family":"Did\u017eiapetrien\u0117","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birut\u0117","family":"Kazbarien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renatas","family":"Tikui\u0161is","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3692-8962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrius","family":"Dulskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Clinic of Internal Diseases, Family Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-01513 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiva","family":"Dabkevi\u010dien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaida","family":"Lukosevi\u010dien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9045-1846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egl\u0117","family":"Kontrimavi\u010di\u016bt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-01513 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Center of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, University Hospital Santaros Clinics, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u0119stutis","family":"Su\u017eied\u0117lis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerijus","family":"Ostapenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Clinic of Internal Diseases, Family Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-01513 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2016, November 25). 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