{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:45:35Z","timestamp":1792597535879,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is involved in panic disorders. ANS dysfunction has been shown to be associated with ventricular arrhythmia and increased heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization. However, there remains limited evidence of the relationship between panic disorders and ventricular depolarization markers, including the Tp-e interval and Tp-e\/QT ratio. This study aimed to evaluate ventricular repolarization parameters in patients with panic disorder. Materials and Methods: In total, 40 patients with panic disorder, diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria, were included in the study group. The control group comprised of 50 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. A standard 12 lead electrocardiogram was recorded on all participants, and heart rate, QT interval, QRS duration, Tp-e interval, and Tp-e\/QT ratio were measured. Results: QRS durations and QT intervals were similar in the study and control groups. Compared to the control group, QTd, Tp-e, and cTp-e intervals as well as Tp-e\/QT and Tp-e\/QTc ratios were significantly increased in patients with panic disorder (p &lt; 0.05 for all). In the study group, the Severity Measure for Panic Disorder\u2014Adult score had a significant positive correlation with the Tp-e interval (r = 0.369, p &lt; 0001), cTp-e interval (r = 0.531, p &lt; 0.001), Tp-e\/QT ratio (r = 0.358, p = 0.001), and Tp-e\/QTc ratio (r = 0.351, p = 0.001). Conclusion: These findings indicate that panic disorders are associated with increased ventricular repolarization heterogeneity, which may be attributed to ANS dysregulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56050215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T09:57:21Z","timestamp":1588067841000},"page":"215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of TP-E Interval and TP-E\/QT Ratio in Panic Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9301-9525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulmecit","family":"Afsin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, M.D, Kahta State Hospital,  Ad\u0131yaman 02450, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4777-1166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramazan","family":"Aso\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, M.D, Ad\u0131yaman Training and Research Hospital,  Ad\u0131yaman 02450, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4154-0738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Hamdi","family":"Orum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, M.D, Kahta State Hospital,  Ad\u0131yaman 02450, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1039-3840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvan","family":"Cicekci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, M.D, Kahta State Hospital,  Ad\u0131yaman 02450, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1031315","article-title":"Safety and efficiency of emergency department assessment of chest discomfort","volume":"170","author":"Christenson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can. 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