{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:44:49Z","timestamp":1760402689420,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences","award":["Grant-in-Aid for Community Research 2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant-in-Aid for Community Research 2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Patients with Down syndrome have many orthopedic problems including flat foot. Insertion of an insole for a flat foot provides support to the medial longitudinal arch; thus, insole therapy is often used to treat a flat foot. However, the influence of an insole insertion on the knee joint kinematics for a patient with Down syndrome is unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the influence of an insole for a flat foot on the knee kinematics during gait for a patient with Down syndrome. Materials and Methods: The subject was a 22-year-old male with Down syndrome who had a flat foot. The knee joint angle during the gait was measured using a 3D motion capture system that consisted of eight infrared cameras. Results: The gait analysis demonstrated a reduction in the knee flexion angle during double knee action. The knee valgus and tibial internal rotation angles also decreased during the loading response phase while wearing shoes that contained the insole. Conclusions: As the angle of the knee joint decreased during the gait, it was considered that the stability of the knee joint improved by inserting the insole. In particular, there was a large difference in the tibial internal rotation angle when the insole was inserted. It is thus hypothesized that the insole contributes to the rotational stability of the knee joint. This study suggests that knee stability may improve and that gait becomes more stable when a Down syndrome patient with a flat foot wears an insole.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56050219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T03:10:38Z","timestamp":1588821038000},"page":"219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of a Foot Insole for a Down Syndrome Patient with a Flat Foot: A Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Endo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Health Science University, 7187 Kodachi, Fujikawaguchiko-machi, Minamitsuru-gun, Yamanashi 401-0380, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihide","family":"Kanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Saitama Medical University, 981 Kawakado, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0496, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arito","family":"Yozu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 4669-2 Ami, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0394, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences Hospital, 4733 Ami, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0331, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuto","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Business and Public Administration, Sakushin Gakuin University, 908 Takeshita-machi, Utsunomiya-shi, Tochigi 321-3295, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Fukaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Tsukuba International University, 6-8-33, Manabe, Tsuchiura-shi, Ibaraki 300-0051, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Mutsuzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 4669-2 Ami, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0394, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences Hospital, 4733 Ami, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0331, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280600947617","article-title":"Functional status in 5 to 7-year-old children with Down syndrome in relation to motor ability and performance mental ability","volume":"29","author":"Volman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Disabil. 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