{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:55:08Z","timestamp":1791197708031,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]],"date-time":"2020-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Acne, an inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit associated with both physiological and psychological morbidities, should be considered a chronic disease. The application of self-regulation theory and therapeutic patient education has been widely utilized in different health-related areas to help patient with a chronic disease to attain better behavioral modification. The present study aims at investigating the treatment efficacy of combining a self-regulation-based patient education module with mobile application in acne patients. Materials and Methods: This was one-grouped pretest\u2013posttest design at a single tertiary referral center with the enrollment of 30 subjects diagnosed with acne vulgaris. Relevant information was collected before (week 0) and after (week 4) treatment in the present study, including the Acne Self-Regulation Inventory (ASRI), Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) that involved a questionnaire-based subjective evaluation of the patient\u2019s ability in self-regulation and quality of life as well as clinical Acne Grading Scores (AGS) that objectively assessed changes in disease severity. To reinforce availability and feasibility, an individualized platform was accessible through mobile devices for real-time problem solving between hospital visits. Results: Thirty subjects completed the designed experiment. An analysis of the differences between scores of pretest and posttest of ASRI demonstrated substantial elevations (p &lt; 0.001). The questionnaire survey of CADI and DLQI dropped significantly after the application of a self-regulation-based patient education module with a mobile application, revealing substantial reductions in both parameters (p &lt; 0.001). The sign test demonstrated a remarkably significant difference in AGS (Z = \u22127.38, p &lt; 0.001), indicating notable improvement in the clinical severity of acne after treatment. Conclusions: After incorporating modern mobile application, a self-regulation-based therapeutic patient education module could significantly improve treatment outcomes among acne patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56060276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T03:32:21Z","timestamp":1591327941000},"page":"276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Combination of a Self-Regulation Module and Mobile Application to Enhance Treatment Outcome for Patients with Acne"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0512-9423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Shan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907391, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University &amp; Department of Dermatology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan-Han","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University &amp; Department of Radiology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Chuen","family":"Shieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907391, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheuk-Kwan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University &amp; Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"591","article-title":"Chronic non-communicable diseases: A global epidemic of the 21st century","volume":"98","author":"Andersen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Laeknabladid"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200809050-00001","article-title":"Can we define acne as a chronic disease? 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