{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:59:26Z","timestamp":1791907166294,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tendinopathy is a common disease that affects athletes, causing pain and dysfunction to the afflicted tendon. A clinical diagnose is usually combined with imaging and, among all the existing techniques, ultrasound is widely adopted. The aim of this review is to sum up the existing evidence on ultrasound as an imaging tool and guide for treatments in lower limbs tendinopathy. Using three different databases\u2014PubMed, MEDLINE and CENTRAL\u2014a literature search has been performed in May 2020 combining MeSH terms and free terms with Boolean operators. Authors independently selected studies, conducted quality assessment, and extracted results. Ultrasound imaging has a good reliability in the differentiation between healthy and abnormal tendon tissue, while there are difficulties in the identification of tendinopathy stages. The main parameters considered by ultrasound imaging are tendon thickness, hypoechogenicity of tendon structure and neovascularization of the tendon bound tissue. Ultrasound-guide is also used in many tendinopathy treatments and the available studies gave encouraging results, even if further studies are needed in this field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56080378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T10:16:49Z","timestamp":1595931409000},"page":"378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Lower Limb Tendinopathy Tissue Changes Assessed through Ultrasound: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0254-6501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleuterio A.","family":"S\u00e1nchez Romero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo, s\/n, Urbanizaci\u00f3n El Bosque, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1568-9069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Pollet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Mart\u00edn P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo, s\/n, Urbanizaci\u00f3n El Bosque, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Canarias, C\/Inocencio Garc\u00eda 1 38300 La Orotava, 38300 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Alonso P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo, s\/n, Urbanizaci\u00f3n El Bosque, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Canarias, C\/Inocencio Garc\u00eda 1 38300 La Orotava, 38300 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto Carlos","family":"Mu\u00f1oz Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo, s\/n, Urbanizaci\u00f3n El Bosque, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0224-1783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Pedersini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Barrag\u00e1n Carballar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo, s\/n, Urbanizaci\u00f3n El Bosque, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3239-7626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Hugo","family":"Villafa\u00f1e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"780","article-title":"Incidence of tendinopathy in team sports in a multidisciplinary sports club over 8 seasons","volume":"18","author":"Florit","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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