{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T10:53:05Z","timestamp":1788173585867,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and objectives: Blood screening is considered a compulsory procedure in health care services to reduce the occurrence of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs). This study estimated the distribution rates of ABO and Rh blood group systems, prevalence rates of TTIs among blood donors and their association with the ABO blood group and Rh system. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the national blood bank, Amman, Jordan for a period of 6 years (from January 2013 to December 2018). For TTIs analysis, about 5 mL blood sample was collected from each volunteer. A total of 365,029 persons (346,048 (94.8%) males and 18,981 (5.2%) females) donated their blood at the national blood bank, Amman, Jordan from January 2013 to December 2018. Results: The results revealed that O and A were the most prevalent blood groups (37.44% and 36.82%, respectively), followed by B (18.62%) and AB (7.12%). The distribution of Rh + ve and Rh \u2212 ve among blood donors showed that Rh + ve donors were more prevalent (88.73%) compared with Rh \u2212 ve (11.27%). HBsAg was the most prevalent viral infection (0.38%) followed by HCV (0.13%), syphilis (0.02%), HIV (0.006%) and the male donors were highly infected when compared with female donors. The association between ABO\/Rh blood groups and TTIs infections was nonsignificant. Conclusions: In conclusion, low frequency rates of TTIs among blood donors were detected in the current study, but improvements are still continuously required. Low percentages of female donors need to be managed via conducting health cultural education programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56120701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T21:11:02Z","timestamp":1608066662000},"page":"701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Prevalence and Association of Transfusion Transmitted Infections with ABO and Rh Blood Groups among Blood Donors at the National Blood Bank, Amman, Jordan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Amir M. Al","family":"Hroob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Medical Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma\u2019an 71111, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sultan A. M.","family":"Saghir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Medical Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma\u2019an 71111, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amer A.","family":"Almaiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Community College of Unaizah, Qassim University, Buraydah 51431, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar S. A.","family":"Alsalahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hodeidah University, Al Hodaidah YM08, Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah S.","family":"Al-Wajeeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anti-Doping Lab Qatar, Doha 27775, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar Y. A.","family":"Al-Shargi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 13244, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nader","family":"Al-Balagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0279-6500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman M.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammed, Y., and Bekele, A. (2016). Seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted infection among blood donors at Jijiga blood bank, eastern Ethiopia: Retrospective 4 years study. BMC Res. Notes, 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-1925-6"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Prevalence of HIV-I\/II, HCV, HBsAg& Syphilis in Blood Donors of Western Region in India","volume":"7","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Natl. J. Integr. Res. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5602","DOI":"10.4081\/hr.2014.5602","article-title":"The prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections in ABO blood groups and Rh type system","volume":"6","author":"Nigam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hematol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-10-176","article-title":"Prevalence and prevalence trends of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors at four Chinese regional blood centers between 2000 and 2010","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198112103052401","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men: Evidence of a new acquired cellular immunodeficiency","volume":"305","author":"Gottlieb","year":"1981","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"981","article-title":"Association of abo and Rh blood groups to blood-borne infections among blood donors in Tehran-Iran","volume":"43","author":"Mohammadali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0b013e32833ece31","article-title":"Blood groups and susceptibility to virus infection: New developments","volume":"17","author":"Branch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2015.12.001","article-title":"Hepatitis e virus is the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis in Lothian, Scotland","volume":"10","author":"Kokki","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Microbes. New Infect."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"WHO (2001). Global Prevalence and Incidence of Selected Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Estimates, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"43","article-title":"HIV, hepatitis B and C infection status of the blood donors in a blood bank of a tertiary Health Care Centre of Orissa","volume":"52","author":"Panda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"s51","article-title":"Response rate of blood donors in the Uttarakhand region of India after notification of reactive test results on their blood samples","volume":"12","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood Transfus."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"52","article-title":"The infection with HBV and HCV and their relationship to abo blood group among blood donors","volume":"54","author":"Omar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Fac. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"1930","article-title":"Possible correlation of transfusion transmitted diseases with Rh type and abo blood group system","volume":"7","author":"Tyagi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res. JCDR"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, X., Cui, Q., Shi, X., Su, J., Peng, Z., Chen, X., Lei, N., Ding, K., Wang, L., and Yu, R. (2011). Prevalence and trend of hepatitis C virus infection among blood donors in Chinese mainland: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-88"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses in hemodialysis patients at JRMS","volume":"102","author":"Ghazzawi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. R. Med. Serv."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(84)80102-X","article-title":"Incidence of hepatitis b antigen among Jordanian volunteer blood donors","volume":"98","author":"Awidi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"26","article-title":"Prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV-1, 2 and HTLV-I\/II infections among blood donors in a teaching hospital in the central region of Saudi Arabia","volume":"25","year":"2004","journal-title":"Saudi Med. J."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"988","article-title":"Frequency of abo and rhesus blood groups: A study from a rural tertiary care teaching hospital in India","volume":"2","author":"Giri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.12.004","article-title":"Sero-prevalence abo and Rh blood groups and their associated transfusion-transmissible infections among blood donors in the central region of Saudi Arabia","volume":"13","author":"Alabdulmonem","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Mourant, A.E., and Kipec, A.C. (1976). Domaniewska-Sobczak, Kazimiera. The Distribution of Human Blood Groups, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"5","article-title":"Distribution of abo, rhesus blood groups and haemoglobin electrophoresis among the undergraduate students of Niger delta university Nigeria","volume":"23","author":"Egesie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Niger. J. Physiol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"2062","article-title":"Frequency distribution 0f ABO, RH blood groups and blood genotypes among the cell biology and genetics students of university of Lagos, Nigeria","volume":"5","author":"Adeyemo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"123","article-title":"Distribution of abo and Rh (D) blood groups in the population of District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan","volume":"33","author":"Ullah","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Appl. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3329\/jdmc.v24i1.29564","article-title":"The distribution of abo and rhesus blood groups among blood donor attending transfusion medicine department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital in 2014","volume":"24","author":"Karim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dhaka Med. Coll."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"143","article-title":"Evaluation of blood donors and transfusion transmitted infections and their association with abo and Rh blood groups in Unaizah, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study","volume":"7","author":"Almaiman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Res. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.4314\/tjpr.v11i1.17","article-title":"Frequencies of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis markers among blood donors: A hospital-based study in Hodeidah, Yemen","volume":"11","author":"Saghir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trop. J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, D.-D., Li, J., Chen, J.-T., Eyi, U.M., Matesa, R.A., Obono, M.M.O., Ehapo, C.S., Yang, L.-Y., Yang, H., and Yang, H.-T. (2015). Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and Treponema Pallidum infections among blood donors on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139947"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stokx, J., Gillet, P., De Weggheleire, A., Casas, E.C., Maendaenda, R., Beulane, A.J., Jani, I.V., Kidane, S., Mosse, C.D., and Jacobs, J. (2011). Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections and evaluation of the pre-donation screening performance at the Provincial Hospital of Tete, Mozambique. BMC Infect. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-141"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02902.x","article-title":"Seroprevalence and incidence of transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases among blood donors from regional Blood Transfusion Centres in Burkina Faso, West Africa","volume":"17","author":"Nagalo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"393","article-title":"Prostitutes in Damascus, Syria","volume":"23","author":"Othman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Saudi Med. J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.1996.37","article-title":"Disease markers in blood donors at King Fahad Hospital, al Baha","volume":"16","author":"Zuebi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Saudi Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.49.440","article-title":"Risk factors associated with a high Seroprevalence of hepatitis c virus infection in Egyptian blood donors","volume":"49","author":"Darwish","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03344.x","article-title":"HIV prevalence, incidence and residual risk of transmission by transfusions at reds-ii blood centers in brazil","volume":"52","author":"Sabino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2006.00743.x","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus test-seeking motivation in blood donors, Sao Paulo, Brazil","volume":"90","author":"Goncalez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vox Sang."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2010.02650.x","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus test-seeking blood donors in a large blood bank in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"50","author":"Goncalez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.2.229","article-title":"Trends in incidence and prevalence of major transfusion-transmissible viral infections in us blood donors, 1991 to 1996","volume":"284","author":"Glynn","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032008000200009","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis b virus infection among general population in northern India","volume":"45","author":"Behal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arq. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4297\/najms.2011.335","article-title":"A survey of prevalence of serum antibodies to human immunodeficiency deficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among blood donors","volume":"3","author":"Dirisu","year":"2011","journal-title":"North Am. J. Med. Sci."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/56\/12\/701\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:45:36Z","timestamp":1760179536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/56\/12\/701"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina56120701"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina56120701","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]}}}