{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T02:07:19Z","timestamp":1779242839236,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and objectives: The aim of our study was to analyze the concentrations of inflammatory markers in the nasal tissue of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) and controls of different age groups, as well as to find associations between age, inflammation development, and NPs. Materials and methods: Patients were divided into two groups\u2014patients with CRSwNPs and control subjects who had nasal surgery for another reason beside CRS. Our analysis was performed across three different age groups (18\u201330 years, 31\u201350 years, and 51 years and more). Tissue biopsies from the sinus cavity for all study participants were taken and frozen at \u221280 \u00b0C, until use. The concentrations of IL-1\u03b2, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-13, IL-21, and IL-22, were quantified using a magnetic bead-based multiplex assay. Results: In the group aged 18\u201330 years, the levels of inflammatory markers IL-1, IL-2, IL-5, and IL-22 were significantly higher in patients with CRSwNPs than the control subjects. Among patients aged 31\u201350 years, significantly higher concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-22 were recorded in patients with CRSwNPs, as compared to the control subjects. In the oldest group (aged 51 years and more), patients with CRSwNPs had significantly higher concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-22, as compared to the control group. In the CRSwNP group, only the concentration of IL-21 was significantly higher among patients aged 31\u201350 years, as compared with those aged 51 years and older (p = 0.013). Conclusions: IL-2 and IL-22 levels were significantly higher in patients with CRSwNP than the control, across all age groups. Only the concentration of IL-21 was higher among patients with CRSwNP in the middle age group, as compared to the oldest group. IL-2, IL-4, and IL-22 levels correlated with the severity of CRSwNPs. Elevated concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-22 were determined in patients\u2019 groups with higher sinonasal outcome test (SNOT-22) scores, pointing to more severe clinical symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57030282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T11:41:06Z","timestamp":1616067666000},"page":"282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Age and Disease Severity Differences in the Levels of Inflammatory Markers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Justinas","family":"Vaitkus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medicine Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astra","family":"Vitkauskien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medicine Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regimantas","family":"Simuntis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u017dygimantas","family":"Vaitkus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"\u0160iup\u0161inskien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medicine Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, LT-92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saulius","family":"Vaitkus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medicine Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Rhi-nosinusitis: Establishing definitions for clinical re-search and patient care","volume":"114","author":"Meltzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Suppl. 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