{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T17:00:45Z","timestamp":1782234045036,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and objectives: This study prospectively compares early results of Kinesio tape (KT) as an alternative method for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis with those of corticosteroid injection and the rest-and-medication group (RMG). Materials and methods: Among the fifty patients (53 elbows), KT was applied to 20 patients (21 elbows), and corticosteroid injection (CSI) was applied to 15 patients (17 elbows). Fifteen patients were included in the RMG. Patients in the RMG were informed about their condition, and necessary warnings were given. No oral or topical treatments were recommended. If needed, paracetamol or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were prescribed. Patients were classified according to the Nirschl scores and evaluated with visual analog scale (VAS); Quick Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QDASH); and the Turkish version of the Patient Related Elbow Evaluation (PREE-T). Results: Improvements in all scores were statistically significant in all groups at the end of the second week. At the end of the fourth week, there was also a statistically significant improvement in all three groups, but these improvements were not as high as they were in the first 2 weeks. There was a slight deterioration in the functional scores in the RMG and CSI groups, while the improvement in the KT group continued. In the KT group, the average QDASH score was 18.1 (4.5\u201335), the VAS score was 2 (1\u20133), the VAS score in resisted wrist extension was 4 (2\u20135) and the Nirschl score was 2 (1\u20133) at the fourth week. The KT group had significant superiority in these parameters over the RMG (p = 0.035, p = 0.035, p = 0.029, p = 0.035, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between the KT, the RMG and the CSI groups at the fourth week. Conclusions: CSI, KT and rest-and-medication treatments were all effective in terms of pain reduction and functional scores at the end of week 2, and the only treatment that continued to be effective in the final week was KT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57040306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T15:42:19Z","timestamp":1616600539000},"page":"306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Early Results of Kinesio Taping and Steroid Injections in Elbow Lateral Epicondylitis: A Randomized, Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Firat","family":"Erpala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Cesme Alpercizgenakat State Hospital, 35930 Cesme\/Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahir","family":"Ozturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250 Merkez\/Tokat, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyup Cagatay","family":"Zengin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250 Merkez\/Tokat, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ugur","family":"Bakir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bunyan State Hospital, 38600 Bunyan\/Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-160701","article-title":"Kinesio taping in patients with lateral epicondylitis","volume":"29","author":"Dilek","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Back Musculoskelet. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-013-1721-x","article-title":"The effects of corticosteroid injection versus local anesthetic injection in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis: A randomized single-blinded clinical trial","volume":"133","author":"Karimi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, Y.T., Hsu, W.Y., Lin, L.F., and Lin, Y.N. (2018). Kinesio taping reduces elbow pain during resisted wrist extension in patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis: A randomized, double-blinded, cross-over study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2118-3"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2017.1359871","article-title":"Effects of Kinesio tape in individuals with lateral epicondylitis: A deceptive crossover trial","volume":"33","author":"Au","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiother. Theory Pract."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07811-X","article-title":"Corticosteroid injections, physiotherapy, or a wait-and-see policy for lateral epicondylitis: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"359","author":"Smidt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"6965381","article-title":"Management of Lateral Epicondylitis: A Narrative Literature Review","volume":"5","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Res. Manag."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2010.06.007","article-title":"Immediate effect of forearm Kinesio taping on maximal grip strength and force sense in healthy collegiate athletes","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Sport"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Kase, K., Wallis, J., and Kase, T. (2013). Clinical Therapeutic Applications of the Kinesio Taping, Ken Ikai Co. Ltd.. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215520916859","article-title":"The effectiveness of Kinesio Taping\u00ae for mobility and functioning improvement in knee osteoarthritis: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Venta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4102\/sajp.v72i1.314","article-title":"Kinesio Taping\u00ae of the metacarpophalangeal joints and its effect on pain and hand function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"72","author":"Roberts","year":"2016","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Physiother."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596159","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.596159","article-title":"Effect of Different Kinesio Taping Interventions on the Local Thresholds of Current Perception and Pressure Pain in Healthy Adults","volume":"11","author":"Kun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(96)03221-6","article-title":"The initial effects of a cervical spine manipulative physiotherapy treatment on the pain and dysfunction of lateral epicondylalgia","volume":"68","author":"Vicenzino","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coombes, B.K., Bisset, L., Connelly, L.B., Brooks, P., and Vicenzino, B. (2009). Optimising corticosteroid injection for lateral epicondylalgia with the addition of physiotherapy: A protocol for a randomised control trial with placebo comparison. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-10-76"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-010-9066-3","article-title":"Corticosteroid injection for tennis elbow or lateral epicondylitis: A review of the literature","volume":"3","author":"Saccomanni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/30.1.39","article-title":"Local injection treatment of tennis elbow\u2014hydrocortisone, triamcinolone and lignocaine compared","volume":"30","author":"Price","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brinks, A., Koes, B.W., Volkers, A.C.W., Verhaar, J.A.N., and A Bierma-Zeinstra, S.M. (2010). Adverse effects of extra-articular corticosteroid injections: A systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-206"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Fess, E., and Moran, C. (1981). Clinical Assessment Recommendations, American Society of Hand Therapists. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001184","article-title":"Short-term effects of steroid injection, kinesio taping, or both on pain, grip strength, and functionality of patients with lateral epicondylitis: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial","volume":"98","author":"Kurt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512458237","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of injection therapies in lateral epicondylitis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled tirals","volume":"41","author":"Krogh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38961.584653.AE","article-title":"Mobilisation with movement and exercise, corticosteroid injection, or wait and see for tennis elbow: Randomised trial","volume":"333","author":"Bisset","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7215.964","article-title":"Pragmatic randomised controlled trial of local corticosteroid injection and naproxen for treatment of lateral epicondylitis of elbow pain in primary care","volume":"319","author":"Hay","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"CD003686","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults","volume":"31","author":"Pattanittum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1080\/000164700317381162","article-title":"In vivo investigation of ECRB tendons with microdialysis technique--no signs of inflammation but high amounts of glutamate in tennis elbow","volume":"71","author":"Alfredson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Scand."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.10.005","article-title":"A randomised study comparing corticosteroid injection to corticosteroid iontophoresis for lateral epicondylitis","volume":"37","author":"Stefanou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2019.04.001","article-title":"Effects of kinesio taping alone versus sham taping in individuals with musculoskeletal conditions after intervention for at least one week: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"105","author":"Ignacio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215520917747","article-title":"The clinical efficacy of kinesio taping in shoulder disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Celik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Effects of Kinesio\u2122 Taping on Proprioception at the Ankle","volume":"3","author":"Halseth","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"e19797","article-title":"Immediate and Delayed Effects of Forearm Kinesio Taping on Grip Strength","volume":"16","author":"Hosein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran. Red Crescent Med. J."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/57\/4\/306\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:40:36Z","timestamp":1760161236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/57\/4\/306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina57040306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina57040306","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]}}}