{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:43:19Z","timestamp":1760402599657,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Laboratory liver abnormalities can be observed in patients affected with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and\/or giant cell arteritis (GCA), especially with a cholestatic pattern. The first objective of our review article is to discuss the potential link between antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) and\/or primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and PMR\/GCA, according to the evidences of literature. The second objective is to discuss the association of PMR\/GCA with the other rheumatic diseases having PBC as a common manifestation. Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed on PubMed and Medline (OVID interface) using these terms: polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis, antimitochondrial antibodies, primary biliary cholangitis, primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome, systemic sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The search was restricted to all studies and case reports published in any language. Reviews, conference abstracts, comments, and non-original articles were excluded; however, each review\u2019s reference list was scanned for additional publications meeting this study\u2019s aim. When papers reported data partially presented in previous articles, we referred to the most recent published data. Results and Conclusions: Our literature search highlighted that cases reporting an association between AMA, PBC and PMR\/GCA were very uncommon; AMA antigenic specificity had never been detected and biopsy-proven PBC was reported only in one patient with PMR\/GCA. Finally, the association of PMR\/GCA with autoimmune rheumatic diseases in which PBC is relatively common was anecdotal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57040350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T10:34:12Z","timestamp":1617705252000},"page":"350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antimitochondrial Antibodies and Primary Biliary Cholangitis in Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica\/Giant Cell Arteritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4800-1817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciro","family":"Manzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 3 Sud, Internal and Geriatric Medicine Department, Rheumatologic Outpatient Clinic, Health District No. 59, Sant\u2019Agnello, 80065 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Maslinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9136-2055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Castagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Catanzaro, Primary Care Department, Casa Della Salute di Chiaravalle Centrale, Fragility Outpatient Clinic, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elvis","family":"Hysa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, San Martino Policlinic Hospital, 16121 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Merante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera \u201cPugliese-Ciaccio\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Milchert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Clinical Immunology of Pomeranian Medical University, 71-871 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Gravina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria \u201cMater Domini\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Betul","family":"Sargin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Division of Rheumatology, Medical Faculty of Adnan Menderes University, Aydin 09100, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Natale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 3 Sud, Internal Medicine Department, Health District No. 58, Gragnano, 80054 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Ruberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Catanzaro, Primary Care Department, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Ruotolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda Ospedaliera \u201cPugliese-Ciaccio\u201d, Geriatric Medicine Department, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1700","article-title":"Polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"90","author":"Matteson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.4081\/reumatismo.2018.1036","article-title":"The role of general practictioner and out-of-hospital public rheumatologist in the diagnosis and follow-up of the patient with polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"70","author":"Sobrero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reumatismo"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.025296","article-title":"A comparison of sensitivity of diagnostic criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"64","author":"Bird","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. 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