{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:00:44Z","timestamp":1790935244311,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Oral cancer is the 6th most common cancer in the world and oral leukoplakia is an oral potentially malignant disorder that could develop into oral cancer. This systematic review focusses on randomized clinical trials for recombinant adenovirus p-53 (rAD-p53) therapy for the treatment of oral leukoplakia and cancer. Materials and Methods: We searched for research articles on various databases such as Pubmed\/Medline, Embase, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infra-structure), Springerlink, cochrane and Web of sciences from 2003 to 2020. MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms were used for the search. Inclusion criteria included original research, randomized clinical trials and articles only in English language. Exclusion criteria were any articles that were not research articles, not randomized trials, non-human studies, etc. The articles were further graded on the Jadad scale. Results: 578 articles were assessed from various databases; only 3 articles were found to be appropriate for this review. Thus, meta-analysis was not performed because of heterogeneity and lack of data. In the three studies, whether rAD-p53 was used as a standalone therapy or with other therapies, there was a beneficial effect of the therapy. Furthermore, there were no serious adverse events and the only adverse events reported were fever, pain at the local injection site, flu-like symptoms and lowered WBC count. Conclusions: Thus, we can conclude that this therapy has a potential for beneficial therapeutic effects and further clinical trials with more patients need to be performed to get better understanding of the effect of rAD-p53 therapy, which probably will pave the way to its approval in other parts of the world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57050438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T21:35:39Z","timestamp":1619904939000},"page":"438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Recombinant Human Adenovirus-p53 Therapy for the Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3579-0906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jagadish","family":"Hosmani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shazia","family":"Mushtaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahabe Saquib","family":"Abullais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussain Mohammed","family":"Almubarak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalil","family":"Assiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3904-3000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Testarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5050-5993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Mazzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7246-5497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shankargouda","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2008.06.002","article-title":"Global epidemiology of oral and oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"45","author":"Warnakulasuriya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"e685","article-title":"Oral leukoplakia, the ongoing discussion on definition and terminology","volume":"20","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. 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