{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:21:59Z","timestamp":1793294519558,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]],"date-time":"2021-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has become a well-known side effect of antiresorptive, and antiangiogenic drugs commonly used in cancer management. Despite a considerable amount of literature addressing MRONJ, it is still widely accepted that the underlying pathomechanism of MRONJ is unclear. However, several clinical and preclinical studies indicate that infection seems to have a major role in the pathogenesis of MRONJ. Although there is no conclusive evidence for the infection hypothesis yet, available data have shown a robust association between local infection and MRONJ development. This observation is very critical in order to implement policies to reduce the risk of MRONJ in patients under antiresorptive drugs. This critical review was conducted to collect the most reliable evidence regarding the link between local infection and MRONJ pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57050463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]],"date-time":"2021-05-09T21:32:46Z","timestamp":1620595966000},"page":"463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Infection as an Important Factor in Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Sven","family":"Otto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Head of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suad","family":"Aljohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, 80200 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3458-2227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riham","family":"Fliefel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21514, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Ecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Ristow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egon","family":"Burian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Troeltzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Pautke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ehrenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2019.05.003","article-title":"Management of bone health in solid tumours: From bisphosphonates to a monoclonal antibody","volume":"76","author":"Costa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. 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