{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:28:19Z","timestamp":1772252899751,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia","award":["20200036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200036"]}]},{"name":"Slovenian Research Agency","award":["P3-0374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3-0374"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Numerous authors have reported that the commonest type of vertigo in children is migraine-associated vertigo (vestibular migraine and benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood\u2014BPV). We aimed to provide the possible etiological background of vertigo and dizziness in Slovenian children. Materials and Methods: A retrospective case series of pediatric vertigo and dizziness children referred to the tertiary pediatric otorhinolaryngology center from 2015 to 2020. Children received a complete audiological and vestibular workup and were referred to pediatric specialists depending on the clinical presentation. Results: Of 257 children (42% male, 58% female) aged 1\u201317 years (M = 10.9, SD = 4.3 years) in 19.1% vertigo and dizziness were classified as central, in 12.4% as a peripheral vestibular, in 10.9% as a hemodynamic, in 5.8% as a psychological and none as visual by pediatric neurologists, otorhinolaryngologists, cardiologists, psychologists or ophthalmologists, respectively. 40.8% (20) children with central vertigo had BPV (7.8% of all children) and 8.2% (4) migrainous vertigo. In 43.6% (112 children), the etiology remained unclassified. Conclusions: After a thorough multidisciplinary workup, the etiology of vertigo and dizziness was unraveled in the majority of children referred to our tertiary otorhinolaryngology center. The most common cause was central; however, in a considerable number, the etiology remained unclassified. The latter could be attributed to the self-limiting nature of vertigo spells. Hence, a child presenting with dizziness and vertigo requires a multidisciplinary approach, in which referral to a neurologist is, in most cases, essential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57050475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T11:30:16Z","timestamp":1620732616000},"page":"475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Unraveling the Etiology of Pediatric Vertigo and Dizziness: A Tertiary Pediatric Center Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Bo\u017eani\u0107 Urban\u010di\u010d","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9992-5892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domen","family":"Vozel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5546-4772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jure","family":"Urban\u010di\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1478-0573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saba","family":"Battelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.12.015","article-title":"Dizziness in 10 year old children: An epidemiological study","volume":"75","author":"Humphriss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. 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