{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:27:26Z","timestamp":1791397646195,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: People with epilepsy (PWE) have a 2\u20133 times higher mortality rate than the general population. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) comprises a significant proportion of premature deaths, whereas sudden cardiac death (SCD) is among the leading causes of sudden death in the general population. Cardiac pathologies are significantly more prevalent in PWE. Whether electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters are associated with remote death in PWE has yet to be elucidated. The study objective was to assess whether interictal ECG parameters are associated with mortality in the long-term. Materials and Methods: The study involved 471 epilepsy patients who were hospitalized after a bilateral tonic-clonic seizure(s). ECG parameters were obtained on the day of hospitalization (heart rate, PQ interval, QRS complex, QT interval, heart rate corrected QT interval (QTc), ST segment and T wave changes), as well as reported ECG abnormalities. Mortality data were obtained from the Latvian National Cause-of-Death database 3\u201311, mean 7.0 years after hospitalization. The association between the ECG parameters and the long-term clinical outcome were examined. Results: At the time of assessment, 75.4% of patients were alive and 24.6% were deceased. Short QTc interval (odds ratio (OR) 4.780; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.668\u201313.698; p = 0.004) was associated with a remote death. After the exclusion of known comorbidities with high mortality rates, short QTc (OR 4.631) and ECG signs of left ventricular hypertrophy (OR 5.009) were associated with a remote death. Conclusions: The association between routine 12-lead rest ECG parameters\u2014short QTc interval and a pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy\u2014and remote death in epilepsy patients was found. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to associate rest ECG parameters with remote death in an epileptic population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57050504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T23:17:16Z","timestamp":1621207036000},"page":"504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Electrocardiographic Abnormalities and Mortality in Epilepsy Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1412-3485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Normunds","family":"Suna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectology, Riga Stradins University, 3 Linezera St., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Riga East Clinical University Hospital \u201cGailezers\u201d, 2 Hipokrata St., LV-1039 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., LV-1586 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5146-7215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inga","family":"Suna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Riga East Clinical University Hospital \u201cGailezers\u201d, 2 Hipokrata St., LV-1039 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0217-9668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evija","family":"Gutmane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Residency, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema St., LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Kande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Residency, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema St., LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guntis","family":"Karelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectology, Riga Stradins University, 3 Linezera St., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Riga East Clinical University Hospital \u201cGailezers\u201d, 2 Hipokrata St., LV-1039 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludmila","family":"Viksna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectology, Riga Stradins University, 3 Linezera St., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valdis","family":"Folkmanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., LV-1586 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92270-5","article-title":"Mortality from Epilepsy: Results from a Prospective Population-Based Study","volume":"344","author":"Cockerell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-199604000-00006","article-title":"The Mortality of Epilepsy","volume":"9","author":"Cockerell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr. 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