{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T04:38:37Z","timestamp":1782535117982,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography\/X-ray computed tomography (PET\/CT) represents the mainstay diagnostic procedure for suspected ovarian cancer (OC) recurrence. PET\/CT can be integrated with contrast medium and in various diagnostic settings; however, the effective benefit of this procedure is still debated. We aimed to compare the diagnostic capabilities of low-dose and contrast-enhanced PET\/CT (PET\/ldCT and PET\/ceCT) in patients with suspected ovarian cancer relapse. Materials and Methods: 122 OC patients underwent both PET\/ldCT and PET\/ceCT. Two groups of nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists scored the findings as positive or negative. Clinical\/radiological follow-up was used as ground truth. Sensitivity, specificity, negative\/positive predictive value, and accuracy were calculated at the patient and the lesion level. Results: A total of 455 and 474 lesions were identified at PET\/ldCT and PET\/ceCT, respectively. At the lesion level, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were not significantly different between PET\/ldCT and PET\/ceCT (98%, 93.3%, 97.4%, 94.9%, and 96.9% for PET\/ldCT; 99%, 95.5%, 98.3%, 97%, and 98% for PET\/ceCT, p = ns). At the patient level, no significant differences in these parameters were identified (e.g., p = 0.22 and p = 0.35 for accuracy, in the peritoneum and lymph nodes, respectively). Smaller peritoneal\/lymph node lesions close to physiological FDG uptake sources were found in the cases of misidentification by PET\/ldCT. PET\/ceCT prompted a change in clinical management in four cases (3.2%) compared to PET\/ldCT. Conclusions: PET\/ceCT does not perform better than PET\/ldCT but can occasionally clarify doubtful peritoneal findings on PET\/ldCT. To avoid unnecessary dose to the patient, PET\/ceCT should be excluded in selected cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57060561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T15:58:44Z","timestamp":1622563124000},"page":"561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["To Enhance or Not to Enhance? The Role of Contrast Medium 18F-FDG PET\/CT in Recurrent Ovarian Carcinomas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Michela","family":"Massollo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, E.O. \u201cOspedali Galliera\u201d, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Fiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, E.O. \u201cOspedali Galliera\u201d, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4150-0266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Bottoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, E.O. \u201cOspedali Galliera\u201d, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Ugolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, E.O. \u201cOspedali Galliera\u201d, 16128 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, E.O. \u201cOspedali Galliera\u201d, 16128 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Paparo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, E.O. \u201cOspedali Galliera, 16128 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Puppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, E.O. \u201cOspedali Galliera, 16128 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7803-3852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Provinciali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, E.O. \u201cOspedali Galliera\u201d, 16128 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Iacozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, E.O. \u201cOspedali Galliera\u201d, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vania","family":"Altrinetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, E.O. \u201cOspedali Galliera\u201d, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelina","family":"Cistaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, E.O. \u201cOspedali Galliera\u201d, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manlio","family":"Cabria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, E.O. \u201cOspedali Galliera\u201d, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"DeCensi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, E.O. \u201cOspedali Galliera\u201d, 16128 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9808-780X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Treglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1100 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Academic Education, Research and Innovation Area, General Directorate, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6779-1471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnoldo","family":"Piccardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, E.O. \u201cOspedali Galliera\u201d, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2016.08.006","article-title":"Epidemiology of epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"41","author":"Webb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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