{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:04:53Z","timestamp":1760234693834,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]],"date-time":"2021-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRP370791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRP370791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001868","name":"National Science Council of Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSC 100-2314-B-182-046","MOST 103-2314-B-182A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC 100-2314-B-182-046","MOST 103-2314-B-182A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often coexist, although the causality is not currently clear. Currently, the clinical influence of COPD on patients with major bronchiectasis over time has not yet been investigated. Material and Methods: This retrospective study recruited consecutive patients with bronchiectasis from outpatient clinic between January 2006 and December 2007. Under the setting of quantification with HRCT, patients who should undergo multiple pulmonary function and exercise tests with regularclinic follow-up were included. The final analysis consisted of 66 eligible patients who were evaluated for clinical status, treatment, and sputum culture from up to 10-year electronic medical records. Results: Of these 66 patients, 45 (68%) had bronchiectasis without COPD and 21 (32%) had COPD. Patients with COPD group had a higher bronchiectasis extent score (32.21 \u00b1 13.09 points vs. 21.89 \u00b1 10.08 points, p = 0.001). Sputum production was reported more frequently by patients with COPD; however, no significant difference was observed after 3 years of follow-up (82.4% vs. 81.6%, p = 0.945). Bronchiectasis extent score correlated with positive sputum culture with Pseudomonas without a synergistic effect from COPD (odds ratio: 1.06, confidence interval: 1.00\u20131.12, p = 0.031). Regardless of COPD, after 10 years, the proportion of patients using inhaled corticosteroids and\/or long-acting \u03b22-agonist between the two groups was not significantly different. Conclusion: COPD aggravated bronchiectasis extension, which was correlated with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation. Moreover, COPD would affect the medium-term (in 3\u20135 years) bronchiectasis treatment. Therefore, the COPD phenotype of bronchiectasis could be a clinical predictor of the course of treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57060579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,6]],"date-time":"2021-06-06T23:59:55Z","timestamp":1623023995000},"page":"579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as a Phenotype of Bronchiectasis for Long-Term Clinical Presentation and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9556-6119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Yi","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan-Yuen","family":"Poon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng-Heng","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Horng-Chyuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0350-9059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Feng","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, Q., Jin, J., Liu, X., and Sun, Y. 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