{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T12:17:17Z","timestamp":1767183437443,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly evolved into a worldwide pandemic causing a serious global public health problem. The risk of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is still debated, and the consequences of this virus on pregnant women and their fetuses remain unknown. We report a case of pregnancy complicated with hydrops fetalis that developed 7 weeks after recovery from a mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to intrauterine death of the foetus. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 placentitis was demonstrated by the presence of viral particles in the placenta identified by immunohistochemistry. As we excluded all possible etiological factors for non-immunologic hydrops fetalis, we believe that the fetal consequences of our case are related to vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second reported case in the literature of COVID-19 infection complicated with hydrops fetalis and intrauterine fetal demise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57070667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T13:39:22Z","timestamp":1624887562000},"page":"667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Case of COVID-19 Pregnancy Complicated with Hydrops Fetalis and Intrauterine Death"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4986-8025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Eugenia","family":"Popescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No.2, 300041 Timi\u015foara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Premiere Hospital, Regina Maria Health Network, Calea Aradului, No.113, 300645 Timi\u015foara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreea","family":"Cioca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Premiere Hospital, Regina Maria Health Network, Calea Aradului, No.113, 300645 Timi\u015foara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cezara","family":"Muresan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Premiere Hospital, Regina Maria Health Network, Calea Aradului, No.113, 300645 Timi\u015foara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No.2, 300041 Timi\u015foara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Navolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No.2, 300041 Timi\u015foara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arina","family":"Gui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Premiere Hospital, Regina Maria Health Network, Calea Aradului, No.113, 300645 Timi\u015foara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ovidiu","family":"Pop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Oradea, Universitatii Street, No.1, 410087 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Marcovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, First Pediatric Clinic, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No.2, 300041 Timi\u015foara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constantin","family":"Ilie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Regina Maria Health Network, Aristide Demetriade Street, No.1, 300088 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Craina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No.2, 300041 Timi\u015foara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marioara","family":"Boia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No.2, 300041 Timi\u015foara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100107","article-title":"Outcome of coronavirus spectrum infections (SARS, MERS, COVID-19) during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Khalil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. MFM"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwartz, D.A., and Graham, A.L. (2020). Potential Maternal and Infant Outcomes from (Wuhan) Coronavirus 2019-nCoV Infecting Pregnant Women: Lessons from SARS, MERS, and Other Human Coronavirus Infections. Viruses, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/v12020194"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.04.014","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnant women: A report based on 116 cases","volume":"223","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwartz, D.A., and Dhaliwal, A. (2020). Infections in pregnancy with COVID-19 and other respiratory RNA virus diseases are rarely, if ever, transmitted to the fetus: Experiences with coronaviruses, HPIV, HMPV RSV, and Influenza. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med.","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2020-0211-SA"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6938e1","article-title":"Characteristics and Maternal and Birth Outcomes of Hospitalized Pregnant Women with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19\u2014COVID-NET, 13 States, 1 March\u201322 August 2020","volume":"69","author":"Delahoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6938e2","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Hospitalized Pregnant Women: Reasons for Admission and Pregnancy Characteristics\u2014Eight U.S. Health Care Centers, 1 March\u201330 May 2020","volume":"69","author":"Panagiotakopoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"CDC (2020, September 11). Stillbirth Homepage. Data and Statistics, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/stillbirth\/facts.html."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102951","article-title":"SARS-CoV2 vertical transmission with adverse effects on the newborn revealed through integrated immunohistochemical, electron microscopy and molecular analyses of Placenta","volume":"59","author":"Facchetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100386","article-title":"Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Consider the denominator","volume":"28","author":"Shook","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. MFM"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2021.01.012","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 placentitis: An uncommon complication of maternal COVID-19","volume":"104","author":"Linehan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2020.07.022","article-title":"Placental barrier against COVID-19","volume":"99","author":"Takada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crwh.2021.e00289","article-title":"Placental pathology and fetal demise at 35 weeks of gestation in a woman with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report","volume":"30","author":"Poisson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep. Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1177\/1093526620925569","article-title":"Placental pathology in covid-19 positive mothers: Preliminary findings","volume":"23","author":"Baergen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dev. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1159\/000511324","article-title":"Placental Pathology Findings during and after SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Features of Villitis and Malperfusion","volume":"88","author":"Menter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathobiology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertero, L., Borella, F., Botta, G., Carosso, A., Cosma, S., Bovetti, M., Carosso, M., Abboma, G., Collemi, G., and Papotti, M. (2021). Placenta histopathology in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Analysis of a consecutive series and comparison with control cohorts. Virchows Arch., 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-021-03097-3"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"7","article-title":"A case study of the first pregnant woman with COVID-19 in Bukavu, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"20","author":"Birindwa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Matern. Health Neonatol. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crwh.2020.e00243","article-title":"Fetal deaths in pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazil: A case series","volume":"27","author":"Richtmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Case Rep. Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.7233","article-title":"Second-trimester miscarriage in a pregnant woman with SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"323","author":"Baud","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa089","article-title":"Placental Pathology in COVID-19","volume":"154","author":"Shanes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferraiolo, A., Barra, F., Kratochwila, C., Paudice, M., Vellone, V.G., Godano, E., Varesano, S., Noberasco, G., Ferrero, S., and Arioni, C. (2020). Report of Positive Placental Swabs for SARS-CoV-2 in an Asymptomatic Pregnant Woman with COVID-19. Medicina, 56.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56060306"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"5552877","article-title":"Transitory Fetal Skin Edema in a Pregnant Patient with a Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection","volume":"16","author":"Monfort","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004059","article-title":"Fetal Transient Skin Edema in Two Pregnant Women With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"136","author":"Rodo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa367","article-title":"Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the first trimester placenta leading to transplacental transmission and fetal demise from an asymptomatic mother","volume":"36","author":"Shende","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/57\/7\/667\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:26:14Z","timestamp":1760163974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/57\/7\/667"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina57070667"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina57070667","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1648-9144"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]}}}