{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T14:58:43Z","timestamp":1793890723404,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hallym University Research Fund 2016","award":["HURF-2016-2016-35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HURF-2016-2016-35"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The current options for acute pain control of vertebral compression fracture include hard brace, vertebroplasty, early surgery, and analgesic injection. We hypothesize that the gray ramus communicans nerve block (GRNB) controls the acute pain experienced during vertebral compression fractures. This study assessed the time course of pain control after injection and evaluated the risk factors affecting pain control failure. Materials and methods: Sixty-three patients (24 male, 66.19 \u00b1 15.17 y) with a thoracolumbar vertebral fracture at the T10-L5 spine, who presented to our hospital from November 2018 to October 2019, were included in this retrospective cohort study. GRNB was performed within 1 week of the trauma. The patients were followed up on days 3, 14, 30, 90, and 180 and assessed with the serial visual analog scale (VAS, resting and motion), Oswestry Low Back Disability (ODI) questionnaire, and Roland\u2013Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ). The failure group was defined by the need for an additional block or cement injection after a single GRNB. The failure group\u2019s risk factors, such as body mass index, initial thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score, Kummel\u2019s disease, age, bone marrow density (BMD), and underlying disease, were analyzed. Results: The motion VAS score improved from preoperative to three months post-procedure, but the resting VAS was affected by the procedure for only three days. The quality of life index improved at postoperative six months. A lower BMD was the only risk that affected treatment failure in the logistic regression analysis (p = 0.0038). Conclusion: The effect of GRNB was maintained even at three months after trauma based on motion VAS results. The only risk factor identified for GRNB failure was lower BMD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57080744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T10:31:44Z","timestamp":1627036304000},"page":"744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gray Ramus Communicans Nerve Block for Acute Pain Control in Vertebral Compression Fracture"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5354-9337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dou-Young","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Hwaseong, Hwaseong 18450, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0120-6564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Il","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Hwaseong, Hwaseong 18450, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Gyum","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Ace Hospital, Ansan 39177, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo-Jae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Youngdong Hospital, Hwaseong 38611, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Il-Young","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Hwaseong, Hwaseong 18450, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7764-4344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun-Kyung","family":"Khil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Unverisity, Hwaseong 18450, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.1.16","article-title":"Fractures attributable to osteoporosis: Report from the National Osteoporosis Foundation","volume":"12","author":"Melton","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"505","article-title":"Gray ramus communicans nerve block: A useful therapeutic adjuvant for painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture","volume":"34","author":"Tae","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2000\/3\/240","article-title":"Comparison of Thoracic versus Lumbar Gray Ramus Communicans Nerve Block in the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture","volume":"3","author":"Chandler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3344\/jkps.2004.17.2.175","article-title":"Clinical Efficacy of Ramus Communicans Nerve Block in Patient with Vertebral Compression Fracture","volume":"17","author":"Choi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Korean Pain Soc."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/57\/8\/744\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:34:00Z","timestamp":1760164440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/57\/8\/744"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina57080744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina57080744","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]}}}