{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T14:39:14Z","timestamp":1777473554818,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency has been implicated in various conditions, including cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the incidence of patients with myocardial ischemia in relation to their serum levels of vitamin D. Materials and Methods: A 64-month search (January 2016 to April 2021) in our database of the Nuclear Medicine Laboratory revealed 113 patients who had both myocardial perfusion imaging with single photon emission computed tomography (MPI SPECT) and Vit D measurements. MPI SPECT obtained myocardial images during both stress (summed stress score, SSS) and rest (summed rest score, SRS). Abnormal MPI SPECT was when the SSS was \u22654. Vit D was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Patients with Vit D values &lt;10 ng\/mL, 10\u201329 ng\/mL and \u226530 ng\/mL were defined as having a deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency, respectively. Results: Among patients, 46\/113 (40.7%) were male and 67\/113 (59.3%) were female. Abnormal MPI was found in 58\/113 (51.3%) patients. Vit D deficiency was noted in 20\/113 (17.7%) patients, insufficiency in 86\/113 (76.1%) patients, and normal Vit D was noted in only 7\/113 (6.2%) patients. Sixteen of the 20 patients (80%) with Vit D deficiency, and 38\/86 (44.2%) with insufficiency had an abnormal MPI SPECT. In contrast, only 1\/7 (14.3%) patients with sufficient Vit D levels had an abnormal MPI SPECT. The Mann-Whitney U-test showed that ischemia reduced the values of Vit D. Correlation analysis showed a negative association of Vit D levels with SSS (rho = \u22120.232, p = 0.014) and SRS (rho = \u22120.250, p = 0.008). Further evaluation with a Vit D cut off 20 ng\/mL retrieved no statistical significance. Finally, Vit D and gender were independently associated with myocardial ischemia. Conclusions: Low Vit D levels may represent a risk factor for myocardial ischemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57080774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T21:21:21Z","timestamp":1627593681000},"page":"774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Vitamin D Deficiency as a Risk Factor for Myocardial Ischemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Batsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Gkika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loukas","family":"Astrakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athanassios","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2101-3954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Iakovou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Nuclear Medicine Laboratory, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Dogoritis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute of Ioannina, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Fotopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2184-4945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chrissa","family":"Sioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"},{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute of Ioannina, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hung, C.L., Chien, D.K., Shih, S.C., and Chang, W.H. 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