{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T08:42:46Z","timestamp":1771490566581,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Functional mitral regurgitation (F-MR) observed in patients with atrial fibrillation could affect the effectiveness of the sinus rhythm restoring procedures. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of F-MR on pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) efficacy in patient with preserved ejection fraction (EF). Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty-six patients with EF \u2265 50% (65.4% males; mean age 56 \u00b1 11 years) with symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent AF qualified for PVI were enrolled into the study. F-MR assessment was performed in transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal (TEE) echocardiography before the PVI procedure. PVI efficacy was evaluated in three-month and long-term follow-up. Results: F-MR was diagnosed in 74.3% patient in transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) (trace: 26.5%, mild: 43.4%, moderate: 3.7%, severe 0.7%) and 94.9% in transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) (trace: 17.6%, mild: 59.6%, moderate: 16.2%, severe: 1.5%). The PVI three-month efficacy was 75.7% in the three-month and 64% in the long-term observation. Severe F-MR in TEE at baseline was associated with lower three-month PVI efficacy (p = 0.012), while moderate to severe F-MR in TEE was related to inefficient PVI assessed in long-term follow-up (p = 0.041). Conclusions: Significant F-MR confirmed by TEE predicts three-month as well as long-term PVI efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57080798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T02:16:07Z","timestamp":1628043367000},"page":"798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Functional Mitral Regurgitation in Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction Qualified for Pulmonary Vein Isolation: A Negative Prognostic Factor for Catheter Ablation Efficacy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2768-7538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Cicho\u0144","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1151-8385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Wybraniec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Mizia-Szubryt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Mizia-Stec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.02.061","article-title":"Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation","volume":"73","author":"Deferm","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"820","article-title":"Subtypes of Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation","volume":"13","author":"Kagiyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2016.04.012","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into mitral regurgitation due to atrial fibrillation: \u201cAtrial functional mitral regurgitation\u201d","volume":"26","author":"Liang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jet105","article-title":"Recommendations for the echocardiographic assessment of native valvular regurgitation: An executive summary from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"14","author":"Lancellotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612","article-title":"2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collabora-tion with the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"42","author":"Hindricks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"15373237","article-title":"Predictors of successful catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation using the pulmonary vein isolation technique","volume":"44","author":"Yasuda","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2020.12.002","article-title":"A new disease entity: Atrial functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"77","author":"Abe","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut252","article-title":"The role of valvular regurgitation in catheter ablation outcomes of patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eur098","article-title":"The impact of mitral regurgitation on patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation","volume":"13","author":"Gertz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4333","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004333","article-title":"Functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"95","author":"Qiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.06.032","article-title":"Evidence of Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation Due to Atrial Fibrillation: Reversal with Arrhythmia Control","volume":"58","author":"Gertz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009317","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.119.009317","article-title":"Reverse Remodeling of the Mitral Valve Complex After Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"12","author":"Nishino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/57\/8\/798\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:39:26Z","timestamp":1760164766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/57\/8\/798"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina57080798"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina57080798","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]}}}