{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:45:16Z","timestamp":1761129916906,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute cutaneous eruption often associated with infections and more rarely with drugs. This review aimed to evaluate the association between erythema multiforme and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A systematic search of PubMed\/MEDLINE, Scimago Scopus, and ISI\/Web of Science was performed. Original articles, case series, or case reports were evaluated and selected. Results: Fourteen articles were selected, describing a total of 70 patients. EM is a cutaneous eruption rarely occurring in COVID-19 and is, in most cases, associated with a hypersensitivity reaction to the virus. In these cases, EM seems to affect patients younger than 30 years or older than 55 years. Infrequently, some drugs used in the management of COVID-19 may induce EM, especially hydroxychloroquine. The three groups of patients seem to have different clinical characteristics and courses. Conclusions: From these data, it is possible to preliminarily propose that EM or EM-like eruptions linked to COVID-19 might be divided into three types: the virus-related juvenile type (affecting patients &lt;30-year-old), the virus-related older type (affecting patients &gt;55 years), and the drug-induced type. The occurrence of a skin rash does not seem to be related to the severity and clinical course of COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57080828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T21:27:45Z","timestamp":1629149265000},"page":"828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Erythema Multiforme and COVID-19: What Do We Know?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0434-1027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Bennardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Dermatology, Mariano Santo Hospital, 87100 Cosenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven Paul","family":"Nistic\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Dastoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Provenzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Dermatology, Mariano Santo Hospital, 87100 Cosenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3309-8190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maddalena","family":"Napolitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences V. Tiberio, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1828-780X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Passante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8661-2822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cataldo","family":"Patruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05348.x","article-title":"Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of erythema multiforme: A review for the practicing dermatologist","volume":"51","author":"Sokumbi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. 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Ther."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/57\/8\/828\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:45:13Z","timestamp":1760165113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/57\/8\/828"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina57080828"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina57080828","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1648-9144"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]}}}