{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:17:14Z","timestamp":1760235434669,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]],"date-time":"2021-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: To evaluate the performance of antigen-based detection tests as the frontline diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods: We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Mexico. A cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study was conducted in Mexico and data from 15,408 suspected (all of them symptomatic) cases of COVID-19 were analyzed. The results of antigen-based tests were compared with those obtained by molecular (polymerase chain reaction-based) assays. Results: The antigen-based tests showed sensitivity below 50% and high specificity in all the analyzed age groups. The highest Youden index (J) was observed among adults aged 25\u201344 years old (45.5, 95% CI 43.7\u201347.3). Conclusions: We documented the poor performance of serologic techniques as frontline diagnosis of symptomatic COVID-19 and inaccurate results may impact negatively on pandemic progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57080852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,22]],"date-time":"2021-08-22T21:47:52Z","timestamp":1629668872000},"page":"852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Performance of Antigen-Based Testing as Frontline Diagnosis of Symptomatic COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1118-498X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efr\u00e9n","family":"Murillo-Zamora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiolog\u00eda, Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 19, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Javier Mina 301, Col. Centro, Colima C.P. 28000, Mexico"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Col. Las V\u00edboras, Colima C.P. 28040, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7506-1674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"X\u00f3chitl","family":"Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebasti\u00e1n, Colima C.P. 28045, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8515-0777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebasti\u00e1n, Colima C.P. 28045, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2883-4619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"R\u00edos-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad de Colima-C\u00e1tedras CONACyT, Av. 25 de julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebasti\u00e1n, Colima C.P. 28045, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9614-4946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Mendoza-Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda Civil, Universidad de Colima, km. 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatl\u00e1n, Coquimatl\u00e1n, Colima C.P. 28400, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Government of Mexico (2021, February 02). COVID-19 in Mexico: General Data (Updated on 1 February 2021), (In Spanish)."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021, February 03). SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Detecting Rapid Diagnostic Test Implementation Projects. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/articles-detail\/sars-cov-2-antigen-detecting-rapid-diagnostic-test-implementation-projects."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Health Secretariat of Mexico (2021, August 12). List of Useful Antigenic Tests for SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 Contingency in Mexico, (In Spanish)."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.10.012","article-title":"Predictors of laboratory-positive COVID-19 in children and teenagers","volume":"189","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.10.029","article-title":"Survival in adult inpatients with COVID-19","volume":"190","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104455","article-title":"Low performance of rapid antigen detection test as frontline testing for COVID-19 diagnosis","volume":"129","author":"Scohy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021, February 03). Interim Guidance for Antigen Testing for SARS-CoV-2 (Updated 6 December 2020), Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/lab\/resources\/antigen-tests-guidelines.html."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"General Directorate of Epidemiology (2021, February 05). Statement on the Use of Tests for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen in Mexico (11 November 2020). (In Spanish)."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/57\/8\/852\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:48:51Z","timestamp":1760165331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/57\/8\/852"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina57080852"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina57080852","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1648-9144"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]]}}}