{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:28:19Z","timestamp":1772252899856,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004466","name":"Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004466","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Institut National de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the battle to quickly identify potential yellow fever arbovirus outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, active syndromic surveillance of acute febrile jaundice patients across the country is a powerful tool. However, patients who test negative for yellow fever virus infection are too often left without a diagnosis. By retroactively screening samples for other potential viral infections, we can both try to find sources of patient disease and gain information on how commonly they may occur and co-occur. Several human arboviruses have previously been identified, but there remain many other viral families that could be responsible for acute febrile jaundice. Here, we assessed the prevalence of human herpes viruses (HHVs) in these acute febrile jaundice disease samples. Total viral DNA was extracted from serum of 451 patients with acute febrile jaundice. We used real-time quantitative PCR to test all specimens for cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). We found 21.3% had active HHV replication (13.1%, 2.4%, 6.2% and 2.4% were positive for CMV, HSV, HHV-6 and VZV, respectively), and that nearly half (45.8%) of these infections were characterized by co-infection either among HHVs or between HHVs and other viral infection, sometimes associated with acute febrile jaundice previously identified. Our results show that the role of HHV primary infection or reactivation in contributing to acute febrile jaundice disease identified through the yellow fever surveillance program should be routinely considered in diagnosing these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57090871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T23:25:50Z","timestamp":1629933950000},"page":"871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Herpes Infections in Suspected Cases of Yellow Fever in the Democratic Republic of the Congo"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Sheila","family":"Makiala-Mandanda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769 Franceville, Gabon"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Microbiologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa (CUK), BP 127 Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Abbate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche MIVEGEC, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, UMR IRD\/CNRS\/Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte Internationale UMMISCO, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, UMI IRD\/Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 93140 Bondy, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Pukuta-Simbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale (INRB), BP 1197 Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Ahuka-Mundeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Microbiologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa (CUK), BP 127 Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"},{"name":"Institut National de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale (INRB), BP 1197 Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Jacques","family":"Muyembe-Tamfum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Microbiologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa (CUK), BP 127 Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"},{"name":"Institut National de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale (INRB), BP 1197 Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Leroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche MIVEGEC, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, UMR IRD\/CNRS\/Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Becquart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche MIVEGEC, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, UMR IRD\/CNRS\/Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2176","article-title":"Identification of Dengue and Chikungunya Cases among Suspected Cases of Yellow Fever in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"18","author":"Abbate","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01847-16","article-title":"High Prevalence and Diversity of Hepatitis Viruses in Suspected Cases of Yellow Fever in the Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"55","author":"Onanga","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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