{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:26:42Z","timestamp":1790267202432,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and rubella virus, besides other agents, belong to a group named the TORCH complex. Research on the epidemiology of these agents in women is of particular interest, as primary infection during pregnancy could cause severe damage to the fetus. Women who had contracted infection before pregnancy develop IgG antibodies, so the fetus is protected in case of contact with the same agent. Our scope was to identify the childbearing women simultaneously protected or susceptible to a primary infection to two or three agents mentioned above. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 6961 fertile Caucasian women from Western Romania, to analyze the simultaneous seroprevalence to two or three of the pathogens from the TORCH complex: Toxoplasma gondii, CMV, and rubella virus. Sampling was conducted at two time points: 2008\u20132010 (group 1; 1461 participants) and 2015\u20132018 (group 2; 5500 participants). Results: The percentage of women simultaneously seropositive to IgG-anti-Toxoplasma gondii\/IgG-anti-CMV, IgG-anti-Toxoplasma gondii\/IgG-anti-rubella, IgG-anti-CMV\/IgG-anti-rubella or IgG-anti-Toxoplasma gondii and IgG-anti-CMV\/IgG-anti-rubella antibodies decreased between the two groups (2008\u20132010 vs. 2015\u20132018): 41.4% vs. 36.1%, OR = 0.79, p = 0.0002; 41.8% vs. 35.7%, OR = 0.77, p &lt; 0.0001; 88.9% vs. 83.6%, OR = 0.63, p &lt; 0.0001; 39.6% vs. 33.2%, OR = 0.75, p &lt; 0.0001. When comparing women from urban and rural areas, the simultaneous seroprevalence was higher in rural areas. In women tested 2008\u20132010 (group 1) the simultaneous seroprevalence (urban vs. rural) was: 38.4% vs. 49.1%, OR = 1.54, p = 0.0002; 38.4% vs. 50.6%, OR = 1.64, p &lt; 0.0001; 88.8% vs. 89.2%, OR = 1.04, NS; 36.4% vs. 47.7%, OR = 1.58, p = 0.0001. A similar trend was found in women tested in group 2. Conclusions: The rate of simultaneous seropositivity to Toxoplasma gondii, CMV and rubella virus among Romanian women of reproductive age decreased significantly between 2008\u20132010 and 2015\u20132018 and the susceptibility to infections increased. It is necessary to apply increased prevention measures among susceptible pregnant women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57090927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T23:05:12Z","timestamp":1630623912000},"page":"927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Simultaneous Seroprevalence to Toxoplasma gondii, Cytomegalovirus and Rubella Virus in Childbearing Women from Western Romania"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Adelina Geanina","family":"Mocanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florin","family":"Gorun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana","family":"Ciohat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Antenatal Medicine, Emergency Clinical City Hospital, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Navolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Malita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1877-5547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatjana","family":"Vilibic-Cavlek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Dahma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radu","family":"Neamtu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4986-8025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea","family":"Cioca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Premiere Hospital, 300643 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Craina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Jaan, A., and Rajnik, M. 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