{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T02:56:56Z","timestamp":1781060216684,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Vitamin D, in addition to its effect on mineral homeostasis, plays a key role in muscle metabolism. Vitamin D supplementation is involved in muscle recovery after damage as a consequence of either pathology or after high-intensity exercise. In this context, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of vitamin D on muscle fitness in elderly patients in the recovery phase after SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection. Materials and Methods: This pilot study was conducted at the Soria Norte Health Center. The study consisted of a double-blind trial with two groups of men (placebo and vitamin D-supplemented) (n = 15\/group). Treatment with vitamin D (cholecalciferol: 2000 IU\/day) and placebo was carried out for 6 weeks. Circulating hematological and biochemical parameters (total protein, glucose, vitamin D, urea, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase\/glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, alanine aminotransferase\/glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aldolase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and myoglobin) and the hormones cortisol and testosterone were determined. As for respiratory function tests, FEV1 and respiratory flow were also studied. For physical fitness tests, the \u201csix-minute walk test\u201d (6MWT) was used. Results: After vitamin D supplementation, we observed that serum creatine kinase levels returned to optimal values. This change suggests a protective role of vitamin D against muscle catabolism compared to placebo. In terms of physical test results, we observed only slight non-significant improvements, although patients reported feeling better. Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation produces decreases in indicators of muscle damage, which may ultimately contribute to improving the health status and quality of life of patients who have suffered from COVID-19, during the recovery process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57101079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T21:37:29Z","timestamp":1633901849000},"page":"1079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Muscle Status in Old Patients Recovering from COVID-19 Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Caballero-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR of Physical Exercise and Aging, University Campus \u201cLos Pajaritos\u201d, Valladolid University, 42004 Soria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6916-608X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"P\u00e9rez-Valdecantos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR of Physical Exercise and Aging, University Campus \u201cLos Pajaritos\u201d, Valladolid University, 42004 Soria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Guallar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SACYL, Soria Norte Health Center, Avda Espolon s\/n, 42001 Soria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Caballero-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SACYL, Soria Norte Health Center, Avda Espolon s\/n, 42001 Soria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5128-1672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology\u2014Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez, 03202 Elche, Spain"},{"name":"Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Noriega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0236-2817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"C\u00f3rdova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR of Physical Exercise and Aging, University Campus \u201cLos Pajaritos\u201d, Valladolid University, 42004 Soria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa106","article-title":"COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system: Implications for risk assessment, diagnosis, and treatment options","volume":"116","author":"Guzik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. 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