{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:27:04Z","timestamp":1760236024370,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which was revealed an official pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. The current pandemic, the third of this decade, is the worst in terms of suffering and deaths related. COVID-19 represents an unprecedented challenge for medical communities and patients around the world. High-resolution computed tomography of the chest (HRCT) is a fundamental tool in both management and diagnosis of the disease. Imaging plays an essential role in the diagnosis of all the manifestations of the disease and its complications and the correct use and interpretation of imaging tests are essential. Pneumomediastinum has been reported rarely in COVID-19 patients. We were one of the first groups to share our experiences in uncommon parenchymal complications of COVID-19 with spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, but also with new-onset bronchiectasis and cysts. A finding of pneumopericardium is also unusual. We hereby report a rare case of spontaneous pneumopericardium in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia treated only with a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57101122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T22:52:47Z","timestamp":1634683967000},"page":"1122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Rare Evolution to Pneumopericardium in Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia Treated with High Flow Nasal Cannula"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2367-6604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio Emanuele","family":"Polistina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sub-Intensive Care Unit and Respiratory Physiopathology Department, Cotugno\u2014Monaldi Hospital, 80121 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizia","family":"Lanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sub-Intensive Care Unit and Respiratory Physiopathology Department, Cotugno\u2014Monaldi Hospital, 80121 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5232-3678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla Di","family":"Di Somma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sub-Intensive Care Unit and Respiratory Physiopathology Department, Cotugno\u2014Monaldi Hospital, 80121 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2404-3545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Annunziata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sub-Intensive Care Unit and Respiratory Physiopathology Department, Cotugno\u2014Monaldi Hospital, 80121 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2523-9769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Fiorentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sub-Intensive Care Unit and Respiratory Physiopathology Department, Cotugno\u2014Monaldi Hospital, 80121 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020, January 29). WHO Confirms First Cases of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Available online: http:\/\/www.emro.who.int\/media\/news\/who-confirms-first-cases-of-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-in-the-eastern-mediterranean-region.html."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.20.23034","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review of imaging findings in 919 patients","volume":"215","author":"Salehi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. 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Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"444","article-title":"Late onset pneumopericardium after lung transplantation","volume":"4","author":"Stassen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-194412000-00001","article-title":"Malignant interstitial emphysema of the lungs and mediastinum as an important occult complication in many respiratory diseases and other conditions: Interpretation of the clinical literature in the light of laboratory experiment","volume":"23","author":"Macklin","year":"1944","journal-title":"Medicine"}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/57\/10\/1122\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:16:49Z","timestamp":1760167009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/57\/10\/1122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina57101122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina57101122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1648-9144"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]}}}